The Dreams of the Experimental Subject

Whitman, Roy M.; Pierce, Chester M.; Maas, James W.; Baldridge, Bill J.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196205000-00005

Cited by 56 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…This design has strong advantages compared to artificial sleep laboratory research. Firstly, participants are likely to dream about their current laboratory environment, which is no issue when sleeping at home, and laboratory dreams are usually less emotional than home dreams (Baekeland, 1969;Hobson & Stickgold, 1994;St-Onge, Lortie-Lussier, Mercier, Grenier, & De Koninck, 2005;Whitman, Pierce, Maas, & Baldridge, 1962). Furthermore, there is evidence that nightmares at home are more severe than nightmares in the lab (Fisher et al, 1970;Hartmann, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nightmares do result in psychophysiological arousal: A multimeasure ambulatory assessment study

et al. 2019

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Individuals who frequently experience nightmares report compromised sleep quality, poor daytime mood, and functioning. Previous research has aimed at linking these impairments with altered sleep architecture, but results were inconclusive. One plausible explanation is that only a few studies recorded markers of autonomic nervous system activity. For the first time, this study collected such markers under ecologically valid conditions with ambulatory assessment. In 19 individuals with frequent nightmares (≥1 nightmare/week) and 19 healthy control participants (<1 nightmare/month), measures indicating autonomic activation (heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration cycle length, electrodermal fluctuations, EEG arousals, saliva cortisol, REM density) were collected while applying ambulatory polysomnographic assessment during 3 consecutive nights. When nightmare participants reported a nightmare, we analyzed the last 5 min of REM sleep before awakening and compared these data to their non‐nightmares as well as to the dream episodes of control participants. Overall, there were no general differences in autonomic activation of nightmare sufferers compared to control participants. However, when nightmare participants experienced nightmares, autonomic activation was markedly increased compared to their own non‐nightmares and, to some extent, to control participant’s dreams. Significant intraindividual differences were found for all autonomic measures except in participant’s EEG arousals and cortisol levels. Group differences were found in EEG arousals and heart rate. In conclusion, ambulatory polysomnography demonstrates that nightmares are accompanied by increased autonomic activation. Results support the notion of impaired self‐reported sleep quality caused by one’s autonomic response rather than altered sleep pattern.

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Nightmares do result in psychophysiological arousal: A multimeasure ambulatory assessment study

et al. 2019

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“…This comparison group was made up of five male and five female non-depressed college student volunteers who slept in the laboratory for dream collection one night a week for four weeks. They had been part of another study (73,74). The use of this group is to highlight comparisons between them and the depressed and they are not to be viewed as a control group in the usual sense.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dreaming in the Depressed

Kramer

Baldridge

et al. 1966

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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“…Studies such as those of Dement et al (1965), Domhoff and Kamiya (1964), Okuma et al (1975) and Whitman et al (1962) have shown substantial incorporation of the experimental situation into laboratory dream reports particularly on the first night in the laboratory but persisting, at a lower level, into subsequent laboratory nights Domhoff & Kamiya 1964). Similarly, content differences have been noted between laboratory and home dreaming (Domhoff & Kamiya 1964;Domhoff & Schneider 1999;Hall & Van de Castle 1966), although it has been argued that these differences are very small (Domhoff & Schneider 1999).…”

Section: The Sleep Laboratory Environmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions

Born¹,

Gais²

2000

Behav Brain Sci

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There are obvious flaws in REM sleep suppression paradigms that do not allow any conclusion to be drawn either pro or contra the REM sleep-memory hypothesis. However, less intrusive investigations of REM sleep suggest that this sleep stage or its adjunct neuroendocrine characteristics exert a facilitating influence on certain aspects of ongoing memory formation during sleep.[Nielsen; Vertes & Eastman]

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The Dreams of the Experimental Subject

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Nightmares do result in psychophysiological arousal: A multimeasure ambulatory assessment study

Nightmares do result in psychophysiological arousal: A multimeasure ambulatory assessment study

Dreaming in the Depressed

REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions

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