REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions

Born, Jan; Gais, Steffen

doi:10.1017/s0140525x00264029

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 723 publications

(1,272 reference statements)

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“…Resulting from the frequent arousals during REM sleep, emotional as well as attentive disturbances can be observed 6,22,23 . These disturbances particularly affect retrieval testing performance after sleep 20,21 . Considering our finding of improved texture discrimination after early sleep, it is difficult to determine why SWS deprivation did not disturb consolidation 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills

et al. 2000

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Improvement after practicing visual texture discrimination does not occur until several hours after practice has ended. We show that this improvement strongly depends on sleep. To specify the process responsible for sleep-related improvement, we compared the effects of 'early' and 'late' sleep, dominated respectively by slow-wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Discrimination skills significantly improved over early sleep, improved even more over a whole night's sleep, but did not improve after late sleep alone. These findings suggest that procedural memory formation is prompted by slow-wave sleep-related processes. Late REM sleep may promote memory formation at a second stage, only after periods of early sleep have occurred.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills

et al. 2000

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“…Thus, in spite of evidence supporting a critical role of REM sleep for procedural memories (arising particularly from selective REM sleep deprivation procedures or studies using the night half paradigm), recent human studies support a critical role of non-REM sleep, sleep spindles, and SWA in the consolidation of skills. It has been argued that selective REM sleep deprivation procedures might be confounded by induced stress during late-night sleep [75]. Furthermore, procedural memory benefits observed after late sleep in the night-half paradigm might be related to differences in early-versus late-night N2 sleep instead of REM sleep (see [1••]).…”

Section: Procedural Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Non-REM and REM Sleep on Memory Consolidation?

Ackermann

Rasch

2014

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

199

110

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Sleep benefits memory consolidation. Previous theoretical accounts have proposed a differential role of slow-wave sleep (SWS), rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and stage N2 sleep for different types of memories. For example the dual process hypothesis proposes that SWS is beneficial for declarative memories, whereas REM sleep is important for consolidation of non-declarative, procedural and emotional memories. In fact, numerous recent studies do provide further support for the crucial role of SWS (or non-REM sleep) in declarative memory consolidation. However, recent evidence for the benefit of REM sleep for non-declarative memories is rather scarce. In contrast, several recent studies have related consolidation of procedural memories (and some also emotional memories) to SWS (or non-REM sleep)-dependent consolidation processes. We will review this recent evidence, and propose future research questions to advance our understanding of the role of different sleep stages for memory consolidation.

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“…Indeed, the numerous arousals needed to bring about selective deprivation may split sleep up and induce modifications of sleep patterns, emotional and attentional disorders, stress, a reduction in motivation and disturbances in biological rhythms (Cipolli, 1995; Horne and McGrath, 1984). These non‐specific disturbances could affect behavioural performance and mask the real effects of sleep deprivation (Born and Gais, 2000). Stress response is often put forward to explain memory impairment after sleep deprivation.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between memory systems and sleep stages

Rauchs

Desgranges

Foret

et al. 2005

Journal of Sleep Research

227

138

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SUMMAR Y Sleep function remains elusive despite our rapidly increasing comprehension of the processes generating and maintaining the different sleep stages. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that sleep is involved in the off-line reprocessing of recentlyacquired memories. In this review, we summarize the main results obtained in the field of sleep and memory consolidation in both animals and humans, and try to connect sleep stages with the different memory systems. To this end, we have collated data obtained using several methodological approaches, including electrophysiological recordings of neuronal ensembles, post-training modifications of sleep architecture, sleep deprivation and functional neuroimaging studies. Broadly speaking, all the various studies emphasize the fact that the four long-term memory systems (procedural memory, perceptual representation system, semantic and episodic memory, according to Tulving's SPI model; Tulving, 1995) benefit either from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (not just SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, or from both sleep stages. Tulving's classification of memory systems appears more pertinent than the declarative/non-declarative dichotomy when it comes to understanding the role of sleep in memory. Indeed, this model allows us to resolve several contradictions, notably the fact that episodic and semantic memory (the two memory systems encompassed in declarative memory) appear to rely on different sleep stages. Likewise, this model provides an explanation for why the acquisition of various types of skills (perceptualmotor, sensory-perceptual and cognitive skills) and priming effects, subserved by different brain structures but all designated by the generic term of implicit or nondeclarative memory, may not benefit from the same sleep stages.k e y w o r d s episodic memory, perceptual representation system, procedural memory, semantic memory, sleep stages

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REM sleep deprivation: The wrong paradigm leading to wrong conclusions

Cited by 35 publications

References 723 publications

Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills

Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills

Differential Effects of Non-REM and REM Sleep on Memory Consolidation?

The relationships between memory systems and sleep stages

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