The Draw-A-Person Test: An Indicator of Children's Cognitive and Socioemotional Adaptation?

Laak, Jan ter; Goede, M.P.M. de; Aleva, Anouk; Rijswijk, Pieter van

doi:10.3200/gntp.166.1.77-93

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Whilst expressive language ability has associations with emotional understanding, other measures of creativity, such as drawing, have also been used as measures of social and emotional adaptation [20]. Drawing is an enjoyable, natural activity which can be used as a means of expressing emotion and feeling [21][22][23] and art therapy techniques are increasingly used by practitioners to explore children's perceptions of events, particularly those suffering from physical and mental health problems [24,25].…”

Section: Child Development Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Understanding and Color-Emotion Associations in Children Aged 7-8 Years

Pope

Butler

Qualter

2012

Child Development Research

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An understanding of the development of emotional knowledge can help us determine how children perceive and interpret their surroundings and color-emotion associations are one measure of the expression of a child's emotional interpretations. Emotional understanding and color-emotion associations were examined in a sample of UK school children, aged 7-8 years. Forty primary school children (mean age = 7.38; SD = 0.49) were administered color assessment and emotional understanding tasks, and an expressive vocabulary test. Results identified significant gender differences with girls providing more appropriate and higher quality expressions of emotional understanding than boys. Children were more able to link color to positive rather than negative emotions and significant gender differences in specific color preferences were observed. The implications of adult misinterpretations of coloremotion associations in young children are discussed.

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Section: Child Development Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Understanding and Color-Emotion Associations in Children Aged 7-8 Years

Pope

Butler

Qualter

2012

Child Development Research

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“…The validity of human figure drawing test scores is debated (Gresham, 1993;Motta, Little, & Tobin, 1993a, 1993b, but only with respect to behavioral risk assessment using particular features of the human figure as indicators of disturbed emotions (Aldridge et al, 2004;Bekhit, Thomas, & Jolley, 2005;Lange-Küttner, 1989;ter Laak, de Goede, Aleva, & van Rijswijk, 2005;Thomas & Jolley, 1998). In young children, drawing recognizable human figures requires the ability to follow simple response rules (Riggs, Jolley, & Simpson, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration and recovery of DAP IQ scores in the repeated assessment of the Naglieri Draw-A-Person (DAP) test in 6- to 12-year-old children.

Lange-Küttner¹,

Küttner²,

Chromekova³

2014

Psychological Assessment

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The study investigated whether mental age in children, as assessed by the IQ in the Draw-A-Person (DAP) test (Naglieri, 1988), can be improved by practice. In addition, it was tested whether children needed novel content to keep up their performance level during test repetition. The DAP test was given to 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old children (N ϭ 80) 3 times. In addition, they drew a police figure 2 times, with task sequence counterbalanced. Repeated drawings resulted in significant omission of detail and deterioration of scores, but the novel task instruction temporarily recovered the IQ scores. This did not occur in the reverse sequence of the tasks, with the less specified DAP instruction given in the 2nd half of the drawing series. Furthermore, structural regressions in the human figure drawing could be observed in individual cases. However, 12-year-olds did not need the external introduction of novel content to maintain their IQ score. Correlations showed that this age group redefined their drawing plan on each repetition, and often created unique figures on each occasion, even if the instruction had stayed the same.

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“…We believe more a comprehensive evaluation of brace treatment should include longitudinally analyzed assessment of body shape from the perspective of male patients and both parents. Since little is known regarding the relationships between anxiety and depression disorders and cognitive functioning in scoliosis patient population, we postulate extending the knowledge available of associations between trunk appearance-specific cognitions and patients’ emotional states by means of quantitative and qualitative studies such as the Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Person Test (Laak et al 2005). Considering additional future research implications, it would be interesting to continue the presented research in regards to investigated domains of functioning across a longer follow-up after brace treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Assessment of Scoliosis-Related Anxiety and Impression of Trunk Deformity in Female Adolescents Under Brace Treatment

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study is to make a prospective analysis of changes in anxiety levels and determining their associations with a longitudinal subjective assessment of trunk deformity in adolescent females with scoliosis, in relation to clinical, radiological and brace-related data. The study design was comprised of three questionnaire assessments, with the second and third evaluations taking place 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the study, respectively. 36 AIS females treated conservatively were asked to fill in the Polish versions of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ-pl) and the trait version of the Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC-trait). High anxiety was indicated in 16.6, 8.3 and 8.3% during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd evaluations. Patients’ results differ in regards to the Curve domain; the discrepancies concern the 2nd and 3rd and the 1st and 3rd evaluations (p = 0.028 and p = 0.003, respectively). The only association between STAIC-trait and SAQ-pl regards Trunk shift in the 1st evaluation (rs = 0.48). The logistic regression revealed that the duration of brace-wearing in months has a statistically significant (p = 0.021) influence on the probability of diagnosing patients’ low anxiety levels in the 2nd assessment. Special attention should be paid to patients’ emotional reactions later on as brace-wearing continues as well as to the results which support the point that patients’ perceptions of spinal deformity do not deteriorate with treatment time. Clinicians need to be aware how patients’ appearance-specific cognitions might be associated with levels of emotional distress and relate to clinical and radiological, scoliosis-related data.

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The Draw-A-Person Test: An Indicator of Children's Cognitive and Socioemotional Adaptation?

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Emotional Understanding and Color-Emotion Associations in Children Aged 7-8 Years

Emotional Understanding and Color-Emotion Associations in Children Aged 7-8 Years

Deterioration and recovery of DAP IQ scores in the repeated assessment of the Naglieri Draw-A-Person (DAP) test in 6- to 12-year-old children.

Prospective Assessment of Scoliosis-Related Anxiety and Impression of Trunk Deformity in Female Adolescents Under Brace Treatment

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