The Double Sensor—A non-invasive device to continuously monitor core temperature in humans on earth and in space

Gunga, Hanns‐Christian; Werner, Andreas; Stahn, Alexander; Steinach, Mathias; Schlabs, Thomas; Koralewski, Eberhard; Kunz, Dieter; Belavý, Daniel L.; Felsenberg, Dieter; Sattler, Frank A.; Koch, Jochim

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.005

Cited by 102 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With respect to thermoregulation, heat is lost through convection (which under normal conditions accounts for 15-30% of total heat loss), conduction (2-5%), radiation (45-55%), and evaporation (20-25%). Convective heat transfer is possible due to gravity (as warmed air becomes lighter and rises, it makes way for cooler air, which can be warmed in turn); therefore, it is impaired under microgravity (Gunga et al 2009). Evaporation by perspiration has not been studied sufficiently during space flight; nevertheless, it is assumed that the formation of a film of sweat that covers the entire body might inhibit further perspiration (Larina and Lakota 2000).…”

Section: Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects

et al. 2010

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Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but is less well known elsewhere. Dry immersion involves immersing the subject in thermoneutral water covered with an elastic waterproof fabric. As a result, the immersed subject, who is freely suspended in the water mass, remains dry. For a relatively short duration, the model can faithfully reproduce most physiological effects of actual microgravity, including centralization of body fluids, support unloading, and hypokinesia. Unlike bed rest, dry immersion provides a unique opportunity to study the physiological effects of the lack of a supporting structure for the body (a phenomenon we call 'supportlessness'). In this review, we attempt to provide a detailed description of dry immersion. The main sections of the paper discuss the changes induced by long-term dry immersion in the neuromuscular and sensorimotor systems, fluid-electrolyte regulation, the cardiovascular system, metabolism, blood and immunity, respiration, and thermoregulation. The long-term effects of dry immersion are compared with those of bed rest and actual space flight. The actual and potential uses of dry immersion are discussed in the context of fundamental studies and applications for medical support during space flight and terrestrial health care.

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Section: Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects

et al. 2010

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“…Combined across study 1 and study 2, the OKF model reduced the RMSE by 0.18 C. In addition, for both study 1 and study 2, the proportions of prediction errors within AE0.1, 0.3 and 0. 5 C under the OKF model were also higher compared to those under the EKF model. In particular, the PTA AE0.…”

Section: March Workmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Alternative Tc surrogate methods, which seek some non-invasive core temperature correlate (e.g. surface heat flux), can be difficult to use consistently across different environments and lose precision when predicting for individuals [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kalman Filter Models for the Prediction of Individualised Thermal Work Strain

Guo¹,

Chen²,

Fan³

et al. 2018

Kalman Filters - Theory for Advanced Applications

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It is important to monitor and assess the physiological strain of individuals working in hot environments to avoid heat illness and performance degradation. The body core temperature (Tc) is a reliable indicator of thermal work strain. However, measuring Tc is invasive and often inconvenient and impractical for real-time monitoring of workers in high heat strain environments. Seeking a better solution, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the Kalman filter method to enable the estimation of heat strain from non-invasive measurements (heart rate (HR) and chest skin temperature (ST)) obtained 'online' via wearable body sensors. In particular, we developed two Kalman filter models. First, an extended Kalman filter (EFK) was implemented in a cubic state space modelling framework (HR versus Tc) with a stage-wise, autoregressive exogenous model (incorporating HR and ST) as the time update model. Under the second model, the online Kalman filter (OFK) approach builds up thetimeupdateequationdependingonlyontheinitialvalueofTcandthelatestvalueofthe exogenous variables. Both models were trained and validated using data from laboratoryand outfield-based heat strain profiling studies in which subjects performed a high intensity military foot march. While both the EKF and OKF models provided satisfactory estimates of Tc, the results showed an overall superior performance of the OKF model (overall root mean square error, RMSE = 0.31 C) compared to the EKF model (RMSE = 0.45 C).

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“…Eine aktuelle Entwicklung zur nichtinvasiven Messung der KKT ist der sogenannte Doppelsensor. Dieser wird an der Stirn platziert und korreliert sehr gut mit der rektalen Temperaturmessung [5,6,7]. …”

Section: Homöothermieunclassified

Wärmeanwendungen unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeregulation - Teil 1

Pecher

Zeiger²,

Schobersberger

2013

Schweiz Z Ganzheitsmed

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Wärmeanwendungen sind in der Krankheitsprävention und zur Linderung vielfältiger Beschwerden ein fester Bestandteil unserer Kultur. Durch die Fortschritte der Medizin wurden Wärmeanwendungen als therapeutisches Verfahren in Randgebiete verdrängt. Mit dem demographischen Wandel, der Zunahme chronischer und vor allem stoffwechselbedingter Erkrankungen sowie durch den Kostendruck im Gesundheitswesen wächst jedoch das Interesse an diesen Verfahren bei Betroffenen sowie auch in der Medizin. Neben der Konduktion und Konvektion werden im privaten und medizinischen Umfeld radiative Verfahren genutzt. Die Wirkung der Wärmeapplikation ist unabhängig vom Medium mit reflektorischen Reaktionen (Muskelentspannung und Schmerzlinderung) sowie Effekten auf Basis der Durchblutungserhöhung und der Temperaturerhöhung im Gewebe erklärbar. Da Wärme im Körper praktisch ausschliesslich mittels Konvektion über das Blut verteilt werden kann, erklärt sich der Einfluss auf das Herzkreislaufsystem. Unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeregulationsmechanismen lassen sich drei Prinzipien unterscheiden. Die Wärmeapplikation oberhalb, innerhalb und unterhalb der Thermoneutralzone differieren jeweils hinsichtlich der Herzkreislaufbelastung und der Wärmeverteilung. Mit Wärmeanwendungen sind allerdings auch Gefahren verbunden - vor allem, wenn die Wärmeregulation durch Erkrankungen oder Medikationen auf zentraler oder lokaler Ebene gestört ist. Dies geschieht vor allem in Hinblick auf die Herzkreislaufbelastung und auf thermische Schädigungen der Haut. Daher sind Wärmeapplikationssysteme zu fordern, die den Wärmefluss individuell an die Wärmeaufnahmefähigkeit des Körpers anpassen. Als Regelgrösse kann dazu die kontinuierliche Messung der Hauteigentemperatur genutzt werden, um eine effiziente und sichere Wärmeanwendung zu ermöglichen.

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The Double Sensor—A non-invasive device to continuously monitor core temperature in humans on earth and in space

Cited by 102 publications

References 8 publications

Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects

Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects

Kalman Filter Models for the Prediction of Individualised Thermal Work Strain

Wärmeanwendungen unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeregulation - Teil 1

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