The dominance of algal-based food webs in fish ponds receiving chemical fertilizers plus organic manures

Schroeder, Gerald L.; Wohlfarth, Giora W.; Alkon, A.; Halevy, Amir; Krueger, Harold W.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90115-4

Cited by 71 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Tacon and De Silva 1997). Common carp, a scavenging omnivorous fish that prefers macro-zoobenthos and zooplankton (Rahman et al 2008), and bighead carp, a filter feeder on zooplankton (Burke et al 1986;Milstein 1992), showed higher d 15 N than the silver carp, a filter feeder on phytoplankton (Spataru 1977;Schroeder et al 1990), and grass carp, a macro-herbivorous fish species (Opuszynski 1972). These differences in d 15 N suggest that common carp and bighead carp occupy a relatively high trophic position within the trophic webs of the two studied ponds.…”

Section: Natural Food Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Uptake of nitrogen from natural food into fish in differently managed polyculture ponds using 15N as tracer

Pucher

Focken²

2016

Aquacult Int

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Food security in Asia depends significantly on small-scale pond aquaculture in which fish feed on external feeds and natural food resources. Little is known about the assimilation of natural food resources into fish. In order to elucidate the food web and nitrogen flows in a traditionally and a semi-intensively managed pond in Vietnam, d 13 C and d 15 N in pond inputs and fish were measured before and after the application of inorganic 15 N at 1.1 and 0.4 % of total nitrogen. The applied 15 N was traced through the biomass of stocked fish over 30 days. Under traditional management, grass carp was the dominant species in number and biomass. After 30 days, grass carp assimilated 1.2 % of the applied tracer through natural food resources. Filter feeders assimilated only 0.1-0.3 % of the tracer after 30 days because of the limited productivity in the traditionally managed pond. Nile tilapia showed the highest uptake rates over the 30 days, which demonstrated their ability to feed on a variety of natural food resources. In total, 2.6 % of the applied 15 N was assimilated into fish biomass after 30 days. Under semi-intensive management, common carp was the main species numerically and assimilated 1.8 % of the tracer after 30 days. Grass carp was stocked at lower density, but had the highest biomass by the time of the experiment. Grass carp assimilated 0.2 % of the applied tracer suggesting a low contribution of natural food resources to its nutrition. Silver carp benefited most from the higher natural food resources. In total, 4.1 % of applied 15 N was assimilated into fish biomass after 30 days. Traditional small-scale aquaculture of a grass carp-dominated polyculture has a lower assimilation efficiency of applied fertilizers into fish biomass than a common carp-dominated polyculture under semi-intensive management.

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Section: Natural Food Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Uptake of nitrogen from natural food into fish in differently managed polyculture ponds using 15N as tracer

Pucher

Focken²

2016

Aquacult Int

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“…Unsuitable water quality elements such as water temperature (Sifa et al 2002;Cagauan 2001;Black 1998;Alcaraz et al 1993;Chervinski 1982), water oxygen (Black 1998;Ross 2000) and water pH (Svobodova et al 1993) levels were shown to have a negative effect on fish growth. Especially within extensive and semi-intensive aquaculture systems, fish growth is correlated with the availability and abundance of natural food resources (Rahman et al 2008b;Muendo et al 2006;Schroeder et al 1990;Spataru et al 1983;Kolar and Rahel 1993;Pucher et al 2011b), and both water quality and the availability of natural food are primarily or secondarily affected by the suspended particle load. During the research in Yen Chau district, ponds with maize and cassava fields on yellow soils in the watershed above and fed by rain water, showed a distinctly higher suspended solids load than ponds located on the rice paddy plateaus and fed by reservoir water.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Implemented Modifications In the Pond Managemementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Sustainable Aquaculture Systems for Small-Scale Farmers in Northern Vietnam

Pucher

Steinbronn

Mayrhofer

et al. 2012

Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia: Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas

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“…Weight gain, SGR (%), ANPU (%) and survival (%) of tilapia were significantly (p<0.05) higher and better feed utilisation with lower FCR value was observed in fish fed with meat and bone meal which was used as sole source of protein base (Siddika et.al., 2012). Schroeder et al (1990) reported that natural food contributed between 300 and 500 g kg -1 of growth when tilapia was supplemented with artificial feeds in fertilised ponds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of liver and muscle in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) fed algal meal incorporated diets

Patra¹,

Mishra²,

Patro³

et al. 2017

Indian J. Fish.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of algal meal incorporated diets on the growth performance and fatty acid profile of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852). Control diet (Diet 1) for the study was formulated with rice bran, groundnut oil cake (GNOC) and soybean meal. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous test diets (Diets 2 to 7) were prepared by incorporating (@40%) one of the four microalgae viz., Anabaena cylindrical (AN; Nostoc salbasa (NS); Spirulina platensis (SP) and Westiellopsis prolifica (WS) or with an algal meal mixture containing the above four algae plus the macroalgal species viz., Gracilaria edulis (GE) and Enteromorpha intestinalis (EI) mixed in equal proportions along with sunflower oil and cod liver oil (by totally replacing rice bran, GNOC and soyabean meal of the control diet) (AMM+O diet, Diet 6) and AMM without addition of oils served as AMM diet (Diet 7). The algal meal supplemented diets were tested against a control diet to find out their suitability for culture of tilapia fingerlings. The fish (av. wt. 2.8 ± 0.4 g) were fed up to satiation for 56 days at 28±2 0 C. Significant (p<0.05) enhancement in growth was observed with AN (565.2%) diet followed by SP (500%) and WS (400%) compared to control (402.3%). The AN diet showed best performance in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR) while AMM diet showed least efficiency. Fish fed with SP diet showed better apparent net protein utilisation (ANPU%) as compared to other diets. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the liver and muscle decreased while monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids increased over their respective initial values in all the dietary groups except in groups fed with AMM+O and AMM. The n-6 level of liver and muscle increased with SP diets. Substantial increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3) in fish fed with WS emphasised the benefits of its use as dietary ingredients for tilapia. The results clearly indicated that algae like AN and SP incorporated in tilapia diet significantly enhance growth and carcass protein, whereas WS helps to improve the levels of the essential n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA).

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The dominance of algal-based food webs in fish ponds receiving chemical fertilizers plus organic manures

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

Uptake of nitrogen from natural food into fish in differently managed polyculture ponds using 15N as tracer

Uptake of nitrogen from natural food into fish in differently managed polyculture ponds using 15N as tracer

Improved Sustainable Aquaculture Systems for Small-Scale Farmers in Northern Vietnam

Growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of liver and muscle in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) fed algal meal incorporated diets

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