The Distribution of X-Ray Induced Crossovers From Curly Inversion Heterozygotes of Drosophila Melanogaster Females

Hinton, Claude W.; Whittinghill, Maurice

doi:10.1073/pnas.36.10.552

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Historically, analysis of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying cell fate and animal phenotypes has been studied by abrogating gene function in cellular and animal model systems. Initially this has been accomplished by random mutagenesis ( 1 – 3 ), homologous recombination ( 4 ) and recently by the use of precise genome editing technologies that allow for target inactivation of any GOI in cells, tissues and animal models ( 5 – 7 ). However, the fact that the genetic lesions induced are static render these approaches inadequate in situations where swift reversal of gene function is desired or in cases where the GOI plays an essential function for cellular survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (PrIITE) enables absolute control of gene expression

Pinto

Hansen

Hintze

et al. 2017

Nucleic Acids Research

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Tetracycline-based inducible systems provide powerful methods for functional studies where gene expression can be controlled. However, the lack of tight control of the inducible system, leading to leakiness and adverse effects caused by undesirable tetracycline dosage requirements, has proven to be a limitation. Here, we report that the combined use of genome editing tools and last generation Tet-On systems can resolve these issues. Our principle is based on precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (coined PrIITE) targeted to: (i) exons of an endogenous gene of interest (GOI) and (ii) a safe harbor locus. Using PrIITE cells harboring a GFP reporter or CDX2 transcription factor, we demonstrate discrete inducibility of gene expression with complete abrogation of leakiness. CDX2 PrIITE cells generated by this approach uncovered novel CDX2 downstream effector genes. Our results provide a strategy for characterization of dose-dependent effector functions of essential genes that require absence of endogenous gene expression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (PrIITE) enables absolute control of gene expression

Pinto

Hansen

Hintze

et al. 2017

Nucleic Acids Research

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“…The equality of complementary crossover classes in each family was examined following Fisher's method used by Hinton and Whittinghill (1950). In the Appendix Table, probabilities of obtaining the observed distributions of crossover classes in each family and respective -loge value are presented.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPONTANEOUS MALE CROSSING-OVER OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE IN <i>DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE</i> FROM SOUTHEAST ASIAN POPULATIONS

Tobari

Moriwaki

1973

The Japanese journal of genetics

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Spontaneous occurrence of male crossing-over was first observed by Moriwaki (1937, 1938, 1940) and Kikkawa (1937) in D. ananassae independently. They concluded that the events were under genetic control. Lately, as to this phenomenon several authors published data which demonstrated that the male crossing-over in this species was controlled by several genes or polygenes and mainly occurred in meiotic stage

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“…In like manner, many of the arguments presented will apply to the hypothesis that induced crossing over is the result of exchanges which occur in gonial cells (WHITTINGHILL 1954). Although the evidence is irrefutable that gonial crossing over does occur, and that in certain instances the majority of induced crossing over (even in females) can be interpreted in this way (HINTON and WHITTINGHILL 1950), the extrapolation of the hypothesis to include all induced changes is unwarranted. Gonia1 exchanges could account for increases in the region of the kinetochore, but how would they account for the distal decrease which is compensatory to it?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These have much in common, and offer a good starting point for a generalized hypothesis.In recent experimental investigations, much emphasis has been laid upon the effect of radiations. WHITTINGHILL and his associates (WHITTINGHILL 1954;HINTON and WHITTINGHILL 1950) have done a thorough analysis of this aspect; but they have devoted most of their discussion to a consideration of the time at which crossing over occurs rather than the mechanism whereby the radiation affects the process. However, since much stress is put upon the role of recombination in the gonia1 cells, one has the feeling that these authors believe that the radiation acts to cause increase in the number of breakage points.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Combined Radiations on Crossing Over in Drosophila Melanogaster

Yost

Benneyan

1957

Genetics

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N attempts at an experimental approach to the problem of the mechanism of I crossing over many modifying agents have been used : temperature (PLOUGH 1917), aging (BERGNER 1928), inversions (STEINBERG 1936), mineral content (BROWN-ING 1949), and radiation (MULLER 1925). As diverse as are these agents, they all have one effect in common. They modify the rate of crossing over in either the region of the kinetochore or the region very distal to it. In most cases there is observed a pattern of change which KIKKAWA (1934) called, "the proximal increase and compensatory distal decrease". This similarity of effect suggests a common path of action by all the agents; but few attempts to construct a unifying hypothesis have been presented. Three which deserve mention are: the mechanical hypothesis of KIKKAWA (1934), one involving coiling modifications by MATSUURA (1940), and one stressing the role of heterochromatic areas (SCRULTZ AND REDFIELD 1951). These have much in common, and offer a good starting point for a generalized hypothesis.In recent experimental investigations, much emphasis has been laid upon the effect of radiations. WHITTINGHILL and his associates (WHITTINGHILL 1954;HINTON and WHITTINGHILL 1950) have done a thorough analysis of this aspect; but they have devoted most of their discussion to a consideration of the time at which crossing over occurs rather than the mechanism whereby the radiation affects the process. However, since much stress is put upon the role of recombination in the gonia1 cells, one has the feeling that these authors believe that the radiation acts to cause increase in the number of breakage points. Such a role of modifying agents is also apparent in the recent publication of LEVINE (1955), in which it is suggested that the correlation between mineral deficiency and crossing over increase can be explained by rupture of the chromosomal strands at points of calcium binding. Both agents (X-ray and mineral deficiency) are known to disintegrate the chromosome structure (STEFFENSEN 1955) and both increase crossing over in certain regions.Although there are a number of objections to this idea, it is a natural assumption and one which merits further investigation. It was the increased breakage hypothesis which these experiments were designed to test. It has been demonstrated that following treatment with infrared radiation chromosomes of Drosophila are broken more frequently by exposure to X-rays (KAUF- MANN, HOLLAENDER and GAY 1946). It was felt that this potentiating effect of the infrared might apply to a normal chromosome breakage process in the course of crossing over. A test of this idea was made with negative results (IVES, FENTON, YOST and LEVINE 1953), and it was concluded that the type of recombination

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The Distribution of X-Ray Induced Crossovers From Curly Inversion Heterozygotes of Drosophila Melanogaster Females

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (PrIITE) enables absolute control of gene expression

Precise integration of inducible transcriptional elements (PrIITE) enables absolute control of gene expression

SPONTANEOUS MALE CROSSING-OVER OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE IN <i>DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE</i> FROM SOUTHEAST ASIAN POPULATIONS

The Effects of Combined Radiations on Crossing Over in Drosophila Melanogaster

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