The Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Lower River Basin, Lebanon

Nehme, Nada; Haydar, Chaden; Koubaissy, Bachar; Fakih, Mohamad G.; Awad, Sadek; Toufaily, Joumana; Villièras, Frédéric; Hamieh, Tayssir

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2014.07.066

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The mean concentrations of Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, and Pb were higher in the dry season than in the wet season probably due to the dilution by rainwater (Table 1 ), which influences concentration and heavy metal mobility. Furthermore, the mobility of heavy metals depends not only on the total concentrations in the sediment, but also on the soil or sediment properties themselves, metal properties, and environmental factors 40 . In addition, aquatic plants flourish during the wet season and aquatic plants can have an impact on the heavy metal content of the sediment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments of East Dongting Lake, China

Yuan

Liu

Líu

2022

Sci Rep

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Dongting Lake is one of the most important inland freshwater lakes in China. To investigate the spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the lake, 53 surface sediment samples were collected in the East Dongting Lake (ED Lake) in the wet and dry seasons. Results show Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb contents were 1.7 (1.9), 1.8 (2.0), 2.9 (3.0), 1.9 (1.9), 11.7 (13.1), and 2.0 (2.2)-fold of their geochemical soil background values of Hunan province (China) in the wet (dry) season. Spatial and seasonal heterogeneity could be found in the distribution of Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the surface sediments. The enrichment factor (EF) suggested that Cd has reached severe enrichment in the sediment. The result of the geo-accumulation index ($${I}_{geo}$$ I geo ) indicated that Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb were at levels corresponding to low contamination, and moderately to highly polluted with Cd. Multivariate statistical analysis including pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis was used for the identification of potential sources of the heavy metals in the sediments. The results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb from the sediments of the East Dongting Lake in the wet and dry seasons were possibly anthropogenic sources, such as emissions from mining and smelting while Al, Fe, and Cr are attributed for natural sources. Cd enrichment in the sediments is influenced by both natural factors, and human activities in local areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments of East Dongting Lake, China

Yuan

Liu

Líu

2022

Sci Rep

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“…As a result, water resources are mainly contaminated by untreated sewage from households and industry, in addition to agricultural runoff, dumpsite leachate, and recreational activities [16]. These factors have drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate the quality of Lebanese water resources, especially in terms of heavy metals and bacterial contamination.…”

Section: Lebanon Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Anticancer Drugs in the Aquatic Environment by SPE–LC–MS/MS—A Lebanese Case Study

Nassour

Nabhani‐Gebara

Barton

et al. 2023

Water

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Compared to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, Lebanon is considered the richest in water resources. However, due to inadequate water management, Lebanese water resources are under stress. Previous studies in Lebanon were mainly focused on heavy metals and microbiological analysis. Following the increase in cancer rates in Lebanon, the occurrence of six anticancer drugs estimated to be the most administered in Lebanon was assessed in samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), sewage outfalls, and surface water. Two SPE–LC–MS/MS methods were developed and validated for the detection of the selected anticancer drugs with LOD values ranging between 0.1 and 0.9 ng/L and LOQ values ranging between 0.3 and 2.8 ng/L. Three anticancer drugs were detected using this technique, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide, with an overall concentration range of 1 to 305 ng/L. The detection of these drugs in WWTP effluents, sewage outfalls, and rivers confirmed the weaknesses prevailing in the management of wastewater and the treatment technologies adopted by the few operational WWTPs in Lebanon.

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“…It is known that the majority of metals are likely to pass through the suspended solid content into the water during rainy periods. is means that, in the winter months, with the increase in the surface flow within the basin, metals were transported [4,23,24].…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metals display accumulation feature in the form of increasing concentrations in living organisms and have great impact on the ecosystem. e main sources of heavy metals in aquatic environments are naturally the geological erosion of minerals and soil leaching in addition to the anthropogenic sources arising from traffic, industrial, and agricultural resources [3,4]. e heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is increasing due to the effects stemming from agricultural runoff and industrial and domestic sewage discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters: A Case Study of Sapanca Lake Watershed

Ateş

Demirel

Köklü

et al. 2020

Journal of Spectroscopy

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This study was aimed to evaluate the water quality and pollution sources in Sapanca Lake and its tributaries by applying multivariate statistical techniques to physicochemical parameters and toxic metals. For this purpose, the multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model have been employed. It was tried to determine the seasonal pollution sources of physicochemical parameters and toxic metals obtained from 22 different sampling points between the years of 2015 and 2017. PCA was applied to the datasets, and 6 varimax factors describing 84%, 80%, 76%, and 79% of the total variance for each season were extracted. The obtained factors were analyzed using the APCS-MLR model for the apportionment of various pollution sources affecting physicochemical parameters and toxic metals. The results show that the natural soil structure, municipal-industrial wastewater, agricultural-atmospheric runoff, highways, and seasonal effects are the major pollution sources for toxic metals and physicochemical parameters. The material contribution of pollutant sources to toxic metals and physicochemical parameters was calculated and verified by the concentrations analyzed. Consequently, multivariate statistical techniques are useful to determine the physicochemical parameters and toxic metals through reciprocal correlation and assess the seasonal impact of pollutant sources in the basin. This study also provides a basis for the creation of measurement programs, determination of pollution sources, and provision of sustainable watershed management regarding other water resources.

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The Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Lower River Basin, Lebanon

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Spatial distribution and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments of East Dongting Lake, China

Spatial distribution and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments of East Dongting Lake, China

Determination of Anticancer Drugs in the Aquatic Environment by SPE–LC–MS/MS—A Lebanese Case Study

Seasonal Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters: A Case Study of Sapanca Lake Watershed

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