The Distribution of Cu and Pb Levels in Soils and Acacia xanthophloea Benth. from Lake Nakuru National Park Kenya

Dharani, Najma; Onyari, John Mmari; Maina, D. M.; Mavuti, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9138-2

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In Ghana, a related study was carried out at Kumasi dumpsites and high levels of Pb (54.6 mg kg −1 ), Cd (2.87 mg kg −1 ), Cu (1631.67 mg kg −1 ), and Zn (2606.0 mg kg −1 ) were reported in soils used for vegetable cultivation (Odai et al 2008). Dharana et al investigated the distribution of Cu and Pb in soils and Acacia xanthophloea from Lake Nakuru National Park (Dharani et al 2007), Kenya, and the study showed that high levels of heavy metals decreased the plant growth in the park.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrences and toxicological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa

Mungai

Owino

Makokha

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The concentration distribution and toxicological assessment of eight heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and zinc (Zn) in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa, were investigated in this study. The results showed mean concentrations of eight heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ni, Hg, and Cd in agricultural soils as 247.39, 26.87, 59.69, 88.59, 8.93, 12.56, 8.06, and 0.42 mg kg(-1), respectively. These mean values of eight heavy metals were close to the toxicity threshold limit of USEPA standard values of agricultural soils, indicating potential toxicological risk to the food chain. Pollution index values revealed that eight heavy metals severely decreased in the order Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cr and the mean value of the overall pollution index of Hg and Cd was 20.31, indicating severe agriculture ecological risk. Potential pollution sources of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils were mainly from anthropogenic activities and natural dissolution. The intensification of human agricultural activities, the growing industrialization, and the rapid urbanization largely influenced the concentration levels of heavy metals in Kenya, Eastern Africa. Moreover, the lack of agricultural normalization management and poor enforcement of environmental laws and regulations further intensified the widespread pollution of agricultural soils in Kenya.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrences and toxicological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa

Mungai

Owino

Makokha

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Thus, animals may be exposed to variable concentrations of trace minerals under different rainfall conditions, even when making the same food‐selection decisions. Of particular relevance to savannah habitats, such as Amboseli, Dharani et al [2007] found that Cu concentrations in Acacia xanthophloea were significantly higher in samples collected during wet season than dry season months. A. xanthophloea is one of two dominant tree species in our study site and baboons within this population rely heavily upon the species as food resource, consuming its leaves, bark, sap, flowers, and pods [Altmann, 1998].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White monkey syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in wild savannah baboons

Markham

Gesquiere

Bellenger

et al. 2011

American J Primatol

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In immature wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), we observed symptoms consistent with copper (Cu) deficiency and, more specifically, with a disorder referred to as white monkey syndrome (WMS) in laboratory primates. The objectives of this study were to characterize this pathology and test three hypotheses – that Cu deficiency may have been induced by zinc (Zn) toxicity, that it may have been induced by molybdenum (Mo) toxicity, and that cumulative rainfall during the perinatal period and particularly during gestation is an ecological factor distinguishing infants afflicted with WMS from non-WMS infants. During 2001–09, we observed 22 instances of WMS out of a total 377 live-births in the study population. Visible symptoms exhibited by WMS infants included whitening of the animal’s fur and/or impaired mobility characterized by an apparent “stiffening” of the hindlimbs. Occurrence of WMS did not vary significantly by gender. However, among individuals that survived at least 180 days, WMS males had a significantly lower survivorship probability than non-WMS males. Zn/Cu ratios assessed from hair samples of adult female baboons were higher in females who had produced at least one WMS offspring relative to females who had not had a WMS offspring. This was true even when the hair sample was collected long after the birth of the female’s afflicted infant. We consider this potentially indicative of a robust tendency for low Cu levels induced by elevated Zn intake in some individuals. No significant differences of Mo/Cu ratios were observed. Cumulative rainfall during gestation (~179 days) was 50% lower for WMS infants relative to non-WMS infants. In contrast, rainfall for the two classes of infants did not differ in the 180 days prior to conception or in the 180 days following birth. This finding highlights the importance of prenatal ecological conditions in healthy fetal development with regard to WMS.

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“…Increased cobalt, nickel and copper concentrations in sediments of the remote Lake Baringo were among the first few documented results on heavy metals in the rift valley lake sediments (Ochieng et al, 2007). High levels of Cd and Zn in soils and Acacia xanthophloea Berth., were also reported in polluted sites around L. Nakuru, another closed basin saline rift valley lake (Dharani et al, 2010(Dharani et al, , 2007. Therefore, both surficial and core sediments provide better understanding of water related risks of accumulated potential toxicants among water users and managers, also will encourage a better sustainable management of water resources and maintenance of ecosystem integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Hazardous waste disposal sites are a large source of Cd concentrations found in soil (about 4 ngg -1 ) and in water (about 5 ngg -1 ) (ATSDR, 1993). Soil formation around another saline Kenyan rift lake were found to contain significant amounts of Cd, Pb and Zn (Dharani et al, 2007(Dharani et al, , 2010, with significant correlations between soil Cd and Zn with terrestrial plant. Soil Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations in µgg -1 ranged from 157±5.0 to 178±11.4 (Zn), 16.0±1.3 to 43.4±4.2 (Pb) and 9.6±1.0 to 12.2±2.2 (Cd) (Dharani et al, 2007(Dharani et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Sediment Metal Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to distinguish background and anthropogenic influences on metal concentrations can also be attained through use of selective extractants for the various geochemically defined phases or fractions, with the aim of simulating various environmental conditions to which the sediments can be subjected to. Kamau et al (2008Kamau et al ( , 2007, Mutia et al (2012), Ochieng et al (2007), Dharani et al (2010Dharani et al ( , 2007, Tarits et al (2006), Campbell et al (2003), Hakan Tarras-Wahlberg et al (2002), Bonzongo et al (1996) and Njenga et al (2009), provided very useful information on detectable levels of several metals in the rift valley lakes water, sediment and aquatic organisms, and soils of surrounding areas. Increased cobalt, nickel and copper concentrations in sediments of the remote Lake Baringo were among the first few documented results on heavy metals in the rift valley lake sediments (Ochieng et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of the concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in surficial sediments from two shallow tectonic freshwater lake basins, kenya

Mwamburi¹

2015

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Sources of metals in the environment are widespread and data on typical concentrations in the various media and environmental settings exits worldwide. Distribution and comparative concentrations of some selected metals in surface sediments of two shallow tectonic freshwater basins were assessed, as useful indicators of the level or magnitude of anthropogenic influences, as well as other aquatic processes, considering the increasing challenges in management of waste disposal. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn in the sediments were detectable in all sites, albeit there were relatively lower levels reported in the column of alkaline waters. In dry weight basis, and in increasing order, the levels were Cd

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The Distribution of Cu and Pb Levels in Soils and Acacia xanthophloea Benth. from Lake Nakuru National Park Kenya

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Occurrences and toxicological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa

Occurrences and toxicological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in agricultural soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa

White monkey syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in wild savannah baboons

Comparative evaluation of the concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in surficial sediments from two shallow tectonic freshwater lake basins, kenya

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