The Distribution of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Apolipoprotein E Levels among Coronary Artery Patients Compared to Controls

Abstract

Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease that is caused by various genetics and environmental factors. Genetically, predisposition is an important component for CAD. The candidate apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is the most studied one. ApoE is composed of e2, e3, e4 alleles and E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4, E4/4 genotypes. In this study, the relationship between CAD and apoE polymorphism and apoE level has been studied in Tokat region. Materials and Methods:The study population is composed of 100 CAD patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and 100 control patients of whom fifty have normal coronary angiography and fifty did not have any CAD symptoms. The serum lipid and apoE levels and apoE genotypes of all participants have been measured, and the relationship between these parameters has been evaluated. Results: Apolipoprotein E, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were statistically low at CAD patients than control patients (p=0.0004, p=0.0005, p=0.0107, p=0.0052 respectively). There was not any significant difference between triglyceride levels (p=0.0848). Waist circumferences were significantly high at CAD patients (p=0.0012). Allele frequencies were as e2 (7.25%), e3 (83.5%), e4 (9.25%) and genotype distributions were as E2/2 (0.5%), E2/3 (13%), E2/4 (0.5%), E3/3 (68.5%), E3/4 (16.5%), E4/4 (1%). The distribution of alleles and genotypes were not significantly different (p>0.05). ApoE levels were higher at e2 allele carriers than e3 and e4 allele carriers (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between e3 and e4 allele carriers. Conclusion:In conclusion, the distribution of apoE genotype and allele at our region is similar to the general of Turkey. The low apoE levels in CAD patients may show the influence of apoE on CAD by local and systemic mechanisms.

A 6-Month Follow-Up Study of the Relation between Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…The frequency of the ApoE2 alleles (E22 + E23) and ApoE4 alleles (E34 + E44) is 9 and 18.5%, respectively. The frequency of the ApoE4 alleles is higher than that in the general CAD population [4]. The reason for this may be that the patients in our study had ACS.…”

“…ApoE is a serum glycoprotein of 34 kDa with 299 amino acids that serves as a ligand for cell surface receptor uptake of chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) on DOI: 10.1159/000491597 the liver and controls intestinal cholesterol absorption. ApoE gene polymorphisms include 3 isoforms called ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, which give rise to 6 different genotypes: E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E2/E4, E3/E4, and E4/E4 [4]. Previous studies have shown that E4 allele carriers suffering from acute myocardial infarction (MI) were associated with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels [5]; ApoE gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and affect the lipid profile.…”

XRCC1 Gene Polymorphisms and miR-21 Expression in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma

“…SNPs are often used as genetic markers for the prediction of patient response to therapy and to predict susceptibility to the development or diagnosis of a particular disease [1,2].…”

The association of apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…1. The characteristics of the included studies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and the results of quality assessment based on NOS score are given in Table 1. The frequencies of APOE allele and distribution of genotypes are given in Table 2.…”