The distribution and accumulation of phthalates in the organs and tissues of chicks after the administration of feedstuffs with different phthalate concentrations

Abstract

ABSTRACT:For the monitoring of distribution and accumulation of phthalic acid esters (PAE) in animal tissues, samples of muscle, mesenteric fat (fat), skin and liver from broiler chicks ROSS 308 were used. The chicks were divided into four groups (50 chicks each). All the chicks were given commercial diets (complete feed, KKS) for broiler chicks (starter -BR1; grower -BR2 and finisher -BR3). The experimental diets were supplemented with vegetable oil (RV) with low (group N) or high (group V) phthalate contents, or animal fat with a high phthalate content (group Z). Neither the control diets (K), nor the grower (BR1) diets contained vegetable oils or animal fat. The N chicks were given the grower (BR2) and finisher (BR3) diets supplemented with 5% and 3% vegetable oil, respectively. The V chicks were given BR2 and BR3 diets with 5% and 3% vegetable oil, respectively. The Z chicks were given BR2 and BR3 diets with 5% and 3% animal fat, respectively. The chicks were fattened till 42 days of age. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were found in the tissues of chicks in all the experimental groups. The DBP content in the muscle ranged from 0.03 to 0.55 mg/kg, in the adipose tissue from < 0.20 to 2.56 mg/kg, in the skin from < 0.20 to 1.49 mg/kg , and in the liver from 0.03 to 0.13 mg/kg. The content of DEHP in the muscle ranged from 0.03 to 1.15 mg/kg, in the adipose tissue from 0.25 to 9.85 mg/kg, in the skin from < 0.20 to 4.68 mg/kg, and in the liver from 0.16 to 0.24 mg/kg. The highest concentrations of DBP of 1.28 ± 1.00 mg/kg of fresh sample (an average value from eight chicks) was determined in the adipose tissue of V chicks. The highest concentration of DEHP of 3.27 ± 2.87 mg/kg of fresh sample (mean of eight chicks) was also determined in the V group. The accumulation of DEHP was 3.2; 2.6 and 2.9 times higher than that of DBP in the muscle, adipose tissue and skin, respectively. The V and Z chicks showed higher phthalate contents (the sum of DBP and DEHP) in the adipose tissue, skin and liver than the K and N chicks.

Pathological study of subchronic oral toxicity induced by Di (2- ethyl hexyl) phthalate in Japanese quails

“…in liver DEHP converted to mono (2ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) which is more toxic and more oxidative metabolite of DEHP (7). The result of current histopathological study was in agreement with other studies conducted in mice, rats and poultry exposed to DEHP, in which there is degenerative and necrotic changes in renal tubules and hepatocytes (12,17).…”

“…DEHP have highly affinity to be dissolved in water and blood, therefore many countries prevented medical devices to be manufactured from DEHP plasticized PVC plastics (8)(9)(10)(11). The environment of breeding of Japanese quail contained many sources of DEHP plasticized PVC devices that liberate these plasticizers in environment that cause serious disease in other animals (12), even more the toxic pathological effect of DEHP in Japanese quails not investigated before and even the subchronic exposure to sub lethal dose of DEHP not established previously. Therefore, the current work aimed to study the pathological changes induced by subchronic oral administration of sub lethal dose of DEHP in common Japanese Quails Coturnix coturnix japonica.…”

Monitoring phthalates in the tissues of broiler chicks with feedstuffs different phthalate contents

“…Údaje o výskytu DBP a DEHP v komerčních krmných směsích pro prasata, skot a drůbež a jejich vý-skyt v tkáních u modelových pokusů byly uvedeny v předchozích publikacích Ulrich et al, 1999;Jarošová et al, 1999;Jarošová, 2006;Jarošová et al, 2009a;Jarošová et al, 2009b). Vzhledem k tomu, že v předcházející práci (Jarošová et al, 2009a) byla zjištěna kontaminace krmiv, aláty a krmiva představují vstup do potravního ře-tězce, bylo cílem práce studovat distribuci a úroveň kumulace DEHP a DBP ve tkáních kuřecích brojlerů v závislosti na obsahu alátů v krmivu v prů-běhu doby výkrmu.…”

Bisphenols and phthalates: Plastic chemical exposures can contribute to adverse cardiovascular health outcomes

“…In response to these health concerns, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration has recommended minimizing phthalate exposure to newborn boys during high‐risk medical procedures—but refrained from taking further action (FDA, 2002). To date, patients continue to be inundated (inadvertently) with plastic chemicals that can distribute to sensitive organs, including the heart (Chu et al, 1978; Hillman, Goodwin, & Sherman, 1975; Jarosova, Harazim, Suchy, Kratka, & Stancova, 2009; Kim et al, 2004; Oishi & Hiraga, 1982; Shin et al, 2004; VandeVoort et al, 2016). Cardiovascular and autonomic function are highly susceptible to xenobiotic toxicity, and as such, exogenous chemical exposures may contribute to adverse health outcomes (Mladěnka et al, 2018; Rahm, Lugenbiel, Schweizer, Katus, & Thomas, 2018).…”