The dissemination of ST80-SCCmec-IV community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in Kuwait hospitals

Abstract

BackgroundCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a global healthcare problem. The purpose of this study was to characterize CA-MRSA clones and their distribution in Kuwait hospitals.MethodsIn total, 135 CA-MRSA isolates, carrying the SCCmec IV or V genetic elements, isolated in eight hospitals were characterized using antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and carriage of genes for Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), capsular polysaccharides types (cap) 5 and 8, accessory genes regulators (agr), Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst).ResultsThey were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid but resistant to kanamycin (62%), fusidic acid (42.2%), tetracycline (39.3%), erythromycin and clindamycin (21.5%), gentamicin (5.9%), streptomycin (6.7%), trimethoprim (5.9%), mupirocin (6.6%) and cadmium acetate (82.2%). They consisted of 10 pulsotypes with the majority belonging to PFGE type I (51.1%), type II (22.2%), type IV (13.3%) and type III (3.7%). They belonged to 10 sequence types (ST) comprising ST80 (51.1%), ST30 (22.2%), ST5 (14.1%), ST1 (4.45), ST6 (3.7%), ST88 (1.5%), ST834 (1.5%), ST8 (0.7%), ST46 (0.7%) and ST950 (0.7%). Genes for PVL, cap 8, cap 5 and agr III, agr I and agr II were detected in 61.5%, 77.3%, 20.7% and 62.2%, 17% and 8.1% of the isolates respectively. Nine (6.7%) isolates contained tst while 103 isolates were positive for SE genes with sei (63.0%), seg (41.5%) and sed (29.6%) as the common SE genes.ConclusionsST80-SCCmecIV was the most common CA-MRSA clone in Kuwait hospitals presenting new challenges for infection control.

Detection and characterization of an ST97-SCCmec-V community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in a neonatal intensive care unit and special care baby unit

“…However, all ST97 isolates reported so far have lacked genes for PVL. The only PVL-gene-positive isolate in this study was obtained from a patient in a different ward and was an ST80 clone which has been reported previously in Kuwait hospitals (Udo et al, 2008;Udo & Sarkhoo, 2010). Whereas the ST97-MRSA-SCCmec-V isolates reported in the UK contained the ACME genes (Ellington et al, 2008), those reported in this study were negative.…”

Descriptive Epidemiology of Nasal Carriage ofStaphylococcus aureusand Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusAmong Patients Admitted to Two Healthcare Facilities in Algeria

“…6,7 This clone is also known to be frequent in North African and Middle East countries such as Tunisia, Jordan, and Kuwait. 1,17,31 However, the heterogeneity of the MRSA strains isolated in this study was to some extent a surprising finding compared to the large predominance of ST80-IV in the preceding investigations. Noteworthy, the two tst1 positive ST22-MRSA-IV strains, spa type t223, appeared to be similar to the ''Gaza strain,'' the predominant MRSA clone in healthy children and their parents living in the Gaza strip.…”

Molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a major hospital in Lebanon

“…Twenty-five allelic profiles were generated with the most prevalent STs being ST80 (4/36; 11%) and ST30 (3/ 36; 8%), which is in agreement with previous results from Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, and other neighboring countries. 10,33,[39][40][41] Clustering SCCmec with MLST identified seven MRSA and 20 MSSA clones, with PVL-positive ST80-MRSA-IV being the dominant clone (9/36; 7%), followed by PVL-positive ST30-MSSA (7/36; 5%) ( Table 3). The predominance of the ST80 clone has previously been reported in the region, 33,[39][40][41][42] while ST30-MSSA, known as the Southwest Pacific clone, has been shown to prevail in other areas, in particular Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, the UK, Germany, and Australia, 2 and to probably have been introduced through air travel.…”