The disorders of sex development and the problems of their management in Togo

Gnassingbe, K; Silva-Anoma, Sylvia Da; Mihleudo-Agbolan, K; Anoukoum, T; Bignandi, Kondo; Akakpo-Numado, K.G.; Tékou, H

doi:10.4103/0189-6725.115061

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Even when referred early, some families refuse to go to doctors because it is considered a stigma or because of financial reasons they cannot travel to these centers. Some cases are left without action, as the etiology is considered to be spiritual and thus not treatable by Western medicine, similar to the experience in some African countries (Gnassingbe et al 2013). Therefore, many of these children were assigned their sex through guesswork, which has to be done before the naming ceremony, which takes place at the end of the first week of age or no later than 2 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender assignment is a social and legal process not requiring medical or surgical intervention .The role of health care professionals in initial gender assignment is to obtain and help interpret test results concerning the etiology and prognosis of the child's DSD and concerning the status of the child's anatomy and physiology (e.g., hormone production, hormone receptors, gross anatomy), so as to inform the parents' decision about gender assignment. In developing countries, this problem is compounded by limitations of diagnostic and treatment facilities in addition to cultural, social, and religious factors that might affect the management (Gnassingbe et al 2013). In this article, we present our experience with DSDs in children seen at Soba university hospital in Sudan over a 6-year period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of developmental sex disorders in a tertiary hospital in Sudan

Ali¹,

Alawad

Ali³

et al. 2014

IJM

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Background: Disorders of sex development (DSD) comprise a group of congenital conditions characterized by atypical chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomic sex development. The birth of a child with these disorders considered a medical and psychosocial emergency. Objective: The aim of this study was to see the prevalence, etiological factors, management, and problems faced in handling these cases. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Soba university hospital including all patients with proved DSD over a 6-year period. Results: One hundred thirty-six cases were seen, of which 40 were included in the study. The median age at presentation was 3 years. The most common cause of XX DSD was congenital adrenal hyperplasia (72.5%) and that of XY DSD was androgen insensitivity syndrome. Eleven patients (27.5 %) needed sex reassignment. There was a preference for the male sex. Conclusion: DSDs are not uncommon in Sudan. Because of lack of awareness and sociocultural reasons cases are referred late. Multidisciplinary teams have to be trained to make services accessible and affordable. Keywords: Children; Disorders of Sex Development; Sudan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of developmental sex disorders in a tertiary hospital in Sudan

Ali¹,

Alawad

Ali³

et al. 2014

IJM

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Disorders of sex development: Challenges in a low-resource country

Ehua

Moulot

Agbara

et al. 2023

Archives de Pédiatrie

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Observational study of disorders of sex development in Yaounde, Cameroon

Sap

Betoko

Etoga

et al. 2020

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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IntroductionAccording to the current classification of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), etiologies vary around the world. Ethnic or genetic diversity probably explains this variability. We therefore conducted the present study on etiologies of DSDs in a country from central Africa.MethodsWe carried out an observational retrospective study at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of the Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation in Yaounde, Cameroon from May 2013 to December 2019. All patients diagnosed with a DSD were included, and incomplete files excluded.ResultsWe included 80 patients diagnosed with DSD during the study period. The 46,XX DSD were the most frequent in our study population (n = 41, 51.25%), with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) as the main diagnosis. The 46,XY DSD accounted for 33.75% and sex chromosome DSD group represented 15% of the study population.ConclusionsDSDs are not an exceptional diagnosis in a Sub-Saharan context. 46,XX DSD are the most prevalent diagnosis in our setting. The diagnosis of all these affections is late compared to other centers, justifying advocacy for neonatal screening of DSDs in our context.

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The disorders of sex development and the problems of their management in Togo

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Pattern of developmental sex disorders in a tertiary hospital in Sudan

Pattern of developmental sex disorders in a tertiary hospital in Sudan

Disorders of sex development: Challenges in a low-resource country

Observational study of disorders of sex development in Yaounde, Cameroon

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