The Diseases of the Endocrine Glands

Zondek, Hermann

doi:10.1097/00005053-193612000-00049

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…I t is known, for example, that the phagocytosis of leukocytes is increased markedly by this hormone. A direct adsorption of the hormone to the cell surface (plasma membrane) is in full agreement with the ideas set forth by Zondek on the action of hormones in the body ( 9 ) . Hormones should be regarded as organic catalysts, acting upon the cell surface, and thereby directing the cell's functions.…”

Section: T X~y R O X~nsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Growth of Human Fibroblasts in Media Containing Various Amounts of Thyroxin

Vogelaar

Erlichman

1936

The American Journal of Cancer

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Section: T X~y R O X~nsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Growth of Human Fibroblasts in Media Containing Various Amounts of Thyroxin

Vogelaar

Erlichman

1936

The American Journal of Cancer

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“…Thyroidectomized rats (22) and cats (23) are reported to survive adrenalectomy better than animals with an intact thyroid, and administration of thyroid to the adrenalectomized cats produced sudden death of the animals. Also, in patients with Addison's disease, acute adrenal cortical failure may be precipitated if thyroid hormone is administered (24,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Thyroid on Adrenal Cortical Function

Peterson¹

1958

J. Clin. Invest.

173

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The evidence is quite conclusive from animal studies that an excess of circulating thyroid hormone results in adrenal enlargement, and hypothyroidism produced by surgical thyroidectomy or by administration of antithyroid drugs results in adrenal atrophy. This subject has been extensively reviewed by Money (1). Studies of adrenal size in patients with thyroid disease coming to autopsy have yielded conflicting reports. Means (2) reported no change in adrenal size in hyperthyroidism, Marine (3) and LeCompte (4) reported a decrease in size of the adrenal, and Holst (5) found enlarged adrenals in some patients with hyperthyroidism. Berkheiser (6) reported an advanced case of hypothyroidism, with atrophy of the adrenals and lipoid depletion.Measurements of adrenal size may not, however, always represent a completely satisfactory "yardstick" for evaluation of adrenal cortical secretory activity (7,8). In the past few years, several investigators have reported measurements of various plasma and urinary steroid fractions in hyper-and hypothyroidism in man. Several investigators have reported on the levels of free urinary corticoids (9-12) in hyperthyroidism, and in myxedema (9, 10). Because of the relatively nonspecific methods of assay used these data are difficult to interpret. Urinary 17-ketosteroids have usually been found to be low in both hyperand hypothyroidism (9-18). Plasma 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids have been reported to be normal in these diseases (19)(20)(21). Guinea pigs, which excrete a large fraction of the cortisol metabolites as free 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids, show an increased excretion of free urinary corticoids after administration of thyroxine (20). In patients with clinical myxedema, the urinary level of the total free and glucuronide conjugated 17,21-dihydroxy-20-keteosteroids has been found to be decreased, whereas in hyperthyroidism the level of these urinary steroids is either normal or slightly increased (20).Thyroidectomized rats (22) and cats (23) are reported to survive adrenalectomy better than animals with an intact thyroid, and administration of thyroid to the adrenalectomized cats produced sudden death of the animals. Also, in patients with Addison's disease, acute adrenal cortical failure may be precipitated if thyroid hormone is administered (24, 25). Primary myxedema has been observed in which the presenting findings were those of adrenal cortical insufficiency, and adrenal function returned to normal following thyroid hormone therapy (26).With the advent of new and improved methods for the measurement of certain of the adrenal cortical hormones, and the availability of cortisol-4-C14, it has become possible to further study the relationship of the thyroid hormone to adrenal cortical function. These techniques have been applied to a study of the rate of degradation and the rate of synthesis of cortisol in myxedema and thyrotoxicosis, before and after therapy. In this manner, much new information has been gained regarding the state of activity of the adrenal cortex in these ...

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that thyroid hormones can stimu late erythropoiesis in animals [1,2], and that thyroidectomy is associated with decreased red cell production [3], The mechanism by which thyroid hormone affects erythropoiesis has been considered to be mediated by er ythropoietin [4], the elaboration of which is generally assumed to be com mensurate with tissue 0 2 requirements [5], This concept is supported by studies of hypopituitarism in which red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was found to be normal despite a marked decrease in red cell mass [6], The conclusion was that the anemia of hypopituitarism was 'adaptive' rather than 'pathologic'. The possibility that a similar adaptive mecha nism explains the anemia of hypothyroidism has been confounded by re ports that [1] the hemoglobin (Hb) of hypothyroid subjects has increased 0 2 affinity [7] and a decrease in 0 2 release [8], and [2] thyroid hormones have a direct effect on erythropoiesis in rats [9]. The present study was…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Erythrocyte 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Adenosine-Triphosphate in Cretins Living at High Altitude

Adams¹

1976

Acta Haematol

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A comparison of concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in the red cells of cretins and normal controls living at 3,700 m in the Nepal Himalayas has shown that 2,3-DPG and ATP levels were higher in the cretins. A negative correlation between hemoglobin and 2,3-DPG levels was found. Chronic hypoxia appears to have provided the additional stress required to differentiate the significance of thyroid hormone deficiency in producing anemia from its effect on 2,3-DPG levels. If thyroid hormone is in fact one regulator of 2,3-DPG, the anemia of hypothyroidism appears to be more significant. This also suggest that the anemia of hypothyroidism is, at least in part, ‘pathologic’ as opposed to ‘adaptive’.

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The Diseases of the Endocrine Glands

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

The Growth of Human Fibroblasts in Media Containing Various Amounts of Thyroxin

The Growth of Human Fibroblasts in Media Containing Various Amounts of Thyroxin

The Influence of the Thyroid on Adrenal Cortical Function

Erythrocyte 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Adenosine-Triphosphate in Cretins Living at High Altitude

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