“…That is why the study of hate speech also targets the issue of terrorism, as can be observed in the studies of Fajri (2019), Heath-Kelly and Jarvis (2017), Allen (2017), Sharifi et al (2017), Poole et al (2020), Kaján (2017), (Sponholz, 2016), and so on. In his study, Fajri (2019) reveals the dominant discourse around Muslims in Indonesia, which is associated with terrorism, fundamentalism, conflict, and violence, constructed by American newspapers. At the same time, this study also shows a shift in the construction of Muslim groups in the past 15 years, from terrorism and extremism to radicalism.…”