“…The recently discovered type IV IFN, IFN-υ, has conserved features in terms of sequence, gene locus, receptor system, signaling pathway and even antiviral function, and has been shown to be potentially present in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals ( Chen et al, 2022a , 2023 a; Su, 2022 ; Chen et al, 2023 ). IFN-υ and its 2 receptor subunits, IFN-υR1 and IL10RB have been verified experimentally in zebrafish and amphibian model X. laevis ( Chen et al, 2022a , 2023 a).…”