“…The empirical question of whether OFDI tends to promote trade/growth and vice versa is normally investigated using data at the firm level (such as Svensson, 1996;Head and Ries, 2001;Lim and Moon, 2001;Yu et al, 2019), industry level (such as Lipsey and Weiss, 1984;Chow, 2012;Kang, 2012), country level (such Pfaffermayr, 1994Lin, 1995;Kim and Rang, 1997;Bajo and Montero, 2001;Zhang and Daly, 2011;Goh et al, 2013;Wong and Goh, 2013;Lin, 2016;Ma et al, 2019;Rehman and Ding, 2020;Wu and Chen, 2019;Zhang and Chen, 2020;Amin and Anwar, 2020;Abdulsalam et al, 2021), cross-country level (such as Bhasin, 2016;Herzer, 2010;Mohanty andSethi, 2019, Li, 2019;Bhasin and Kapoor, 2020;Behera et al, 2020) [3]. In summary, these studies do not achieve consensus and the scope of these studies is mostly limited to country-based analyses.…”