Today, despite the increase in global wealth, the income gap between the rich and the poor gradually widens. This gap is significant in both developed and developing nations. Thus, increasing income inequality adversely affects several socio-economic indicators. Previous studies demonstrated that one of the socio-economic indicators that were negatively affected by income inequality is population health. The income inequality experienced by the individuals or throughout life adversely affects several populations' health outputs, especially life expectancy at birth. The present study aimed to test the correlation between income inequality and population health output indicators with canonical correlation method and based on the most current data available for several nations. To determine the correlation between the two datasets, the 2017 data for 29 European countries and Turkey were analyzed. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the income inequality and population health indicator datasets.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and privatization are two of the most important components in liberalization World. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there exist a statistically significant relationship between FDI and privatization, or not. To do so, a panel data sample of fourteen European Union (EU) Founder Nations in 1998-2012 was used to estimate various panel data models. The special feature of panel data is that it allows researchers to construct and test more realistic behavioral models that could not be identified using crosssection or time series data alone. Based on the sample results, between privatization as the primary independent variable and FDI was found a statistically significant positive relationship. Although other explanatory variables such as growth, trade openness, and corruption perceptions index, were found to have statistically significant effects on FDI, budget deficit was found to be statistically insignificant. Moreover, statistically significant parameters' signs showed that all of the economic expectations were satisfied.
Corruption is an ancient phenomenon that weakens all functions of the government, directly affects its monetary and fiscal policies, and causes permanent social and economic problems by disrupting human capital. Corruption can cause structural problems (e.g., unemployment, unfair distribution of income) to deepen, slow economic growth, weaken human development and lead to insecurity and social unrest. Statistical analysis of this concept, which is of great economic significance, is an important source of motivation for the present study. The current study aims to categorize the nations based on corruption levels and to identify the discriminating economic variables effective in this categorization. Thus, various economic variables that affect the level of corruption in OECD countries, including Turkey, are evaluated. The 2013 data for the thirty-four countries are tested using discriminant analysis in the study. The results indicate that in OECD members with low HDI, GDP per capita and education expenditures, and high unemployment, the level of corruption is at a higher level.
Today, foreign direct investments (FDI) have become indispensable tools for countries for reasons such as technology transfer, employment creation, promotion of international trade, economic development and support for development, as well as the capital they provide to the economy. Countries that want to benefit from the blessings of foreign capital aim to attract FDI to their countries by using different instruments. One of the tools frequently used for this purpose is tax policies. In this study, we have examined the relationship between foreign direct investments and taxation at the theoretical and empirical level. FDI flows in the recent years and corporate tax rates of OECD countries, which hold a significant portion of global capital, have been compared. It has been observed that OECD countries have made significant taxation regulations to attract foreign investment.
Income inequality is one of the most significant impediments to the development and welfare of countries. Increased income inequality can cause to social conflict and affects social coherence negatively. Such economies become unstable and unsustainable in the long run. An inequitable distribution of income adversely affects the economic development in developing countries and inhibits the emergence of economic and political institutions that could support growth and investment. Events, which have a profound effect on societies, such as wars, revolutions, technological development and great economic crisis, might result with the elimination of income inequality in a region or country in a relatively short time. However, without such profound events, the tradition of income inequality could take centuries of efforts to achieve certain change. The present study, therefore, discusses the history of income inequality in the world, the current situation and future forecasts and presents relevant findings and suggestions.
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