The Direction of Walking—but Not Throwing or Kicking—Is Adapted by Optic Flow

Bruggeman, Hugo; Warren, William H.

doi:10.1177/0956797610372635

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a series of experiments Rieser and colleagues [4] demonstrated that recalibration of locomotion influenced subsequent blind-walking to targets, whether it was performed via forward walking or side-stepping. Blind-throwing and blind-rotations were not influenced by recalibration of locomotion (see also [11]). From these results, they conclude that recalibration of locomotion is not limb-specific (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Does Perceptual-Motor Calibration Generalize across Two Different Forms of Locomotion? Investigations of Walking and Wheelchairs

2013

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The relationship between biomechanical action and perception of self-motion during walking is typically consistent and well-learned but also adaptable. This perceptual-motor coupling can be recalibrated by creating a mismatch between the visual information for self-motion and walking speed. Perceptual-motor recalibration of locomotion has been demonstrated through effects on subsequent walking without vision, showing that learned perceptual-motor coupling influences a dynamic representation of one's spatial position during walking. Our present studies test whether recalibration of wheelchair locomotion, a novel form of locomotion for typically walking individuals, similarly influences subsequent wheelchair locomotion. Furthermore, we test whether adaptation to the pairing of visual information for self-motion during one form of locomotion transfers to a different locomotion modality. We find strong effects of perceptual-motor recalibration for matched locomotion modalities – walking/walking and wheeling/wheeling. Transfer across incongruent locomotion modalities showed weak recalibration effects. The results have implications both for theories of perceptual-motor calibration mechanisms and their effects on spatial orientation, as well as for practical applications in training and rehabilitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Does Perceptual-Motor Calibration Generalize across Two Different Forms of Locomotion? Investigations of Walking and Wheelchairs

2013

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“…Similarly, after adapting to optic flow that is too slow, when attempting to walk in place (i.e., with no forward movement), participants end up drifting forward by half a meter. Recalibration to the relationship between walking speed and optic flow speed occurs after just a few minutes of exposure and predicts the outcomes of subsequent actions, including walking, throwing, and kicking (Bruggeman, Pick, & Rieser, 2005;Bruggeman & Warren, 2010;Bruggeman, Zosh, & Warren, 2007;Rieser et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action potential influences spatial perception: Evidence for genuine top-down effects on perception

Witt

2016

Psychon Bull Rev

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The action-specific account of spatial perception asserts that a perceiver's ability to perform an action, such as hitting a softball or walking up a hill, impacts the visual perception of the target object. Although much evidence is consistent with this claim, the evidence has been challenged as to whether perception is truly impacted, as opposed to the responses themselves. These challenges have recently been organized as six pitfalls that provide a framework with which to evaluate the empirical evidence. Four case studies of actionspecific effects are offered as evidence that meets the framework's high bar, and thus that demonstrates genuine perceptual effects. That action influences spatial perception is evidence that perceptual and action-related processes are intricately and bidirectionally linked.Keywords Embodied cognition . Spatial cognition . Visual perception . Action-specific perception No vision scientist would deny that a primary purpose of vision is action. But how vision best serves action has been continuously debated. For some, visual perception best serves action by being as geometrically accurate as possible. Given ambiguities in the visual information, the visual system makes underlying assumptions (known as priors or natural constraints) and unconscious inferences based on statistical regularities of the environment. These approaches fall under constructivist accounts. Action's role in constructivist approaches is primarily limited to being a motivation for why perception needs to achieve constancy (so that visual information can be successfully transformed into motor coordinates), but is not itself considered to be an influence for perception.Even for approaches to vision that place a greater emphasis on action, its role is limited. According to the ecological account, perception best serves action by being faithful to the visual information, without being supplemented with extraneous ideas (Gibson, 1979; see Witt & Riley, 2014, for extended discussion on the discrepencies between ecological and action-specific approaches). In situations in which the visual information is ambiguous, the perceiver can simply move around the object to accumulate more information until the information is unambiguous. For ecological accounts, action's role is relevant in gathering the necessary visual information, and action drives perception to actively select the information that is relevant for action, but action does not provide direct information for perception. As another example of an account that purportedly emphasizes action, the theory of two visual streams emphasizes both perception and action (Milner & Goodale, 1995). However, even this theory divorces perception from action by considering the two to be subserved by anatomically different pathways. Indeed, such theories refer to the ventral pathway as "vision for perception" and the dorsal pathway as "vision for action." Given that the processing in the dorsal stream is thought to be unconscious (Milner & Goodale, 2008), this theory emphas...

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“…Importantly, this effect of the calibration of action to the perceived rate of (optic) flow, transfers to tasks with similar goals such as side stepping, but not to tasks with a different goal such as turning in place or throwing a ball (Rieser et al, 1995). Action systems, in this case a system for locomotion, are thus calibrated to adapt to the specific way perception and action are attuned and, importantly, this calibration is specific to the goal of the activity and not specific to the underlying body functional structures (for further examples see e.g., Bingham et al, 2007;Bruggeman & Warren, 2010;Withagen & Michaels, 2002).…”

Section: The Theory Of Action Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%