The Direct Count of Colon-Aerogenes Organisms: Its Possibilities and Promise

Tonney, Fred O.; Noble, Ralph E.

doi:10.1093/infdis/48.4.413

Journal of Infectious Diseases

1931

DOI: 10.1093/infdis/48.4.413

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The Direct Count of Colon-Aerogenes Organisms: Its Possibilities and Promise

Fred O. Tonney¹,

Ralph E. Noble²

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1931

1933

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Cited by 8 publications

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“…coli and Bact. aerogenes in ferro cyanide citrate agar, a high degree of correlation with the recognized differential tests has been obtained (18). The confirmatory tests used by us were, the methyl red-Voges Proskauer reaction, Koser's sodium citrate method, the ferric ammonium citrate agar method of Lewis and Pittman, and the eosin methylene blue colony differentiation of the Standard Methods of water analysis.…”

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confidence: 66%

“…The authors, in previous studies (18), have advanced the view that Bact. aerogenes as a natural inhabitant of soil and vegetation may find its way with the food into the intestinal tract of animals, including man, particularly with foods eaten raw, and hence may appear irregularly in the feces.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…In an examination of 521 specimens of human and animal feces by this "pour plate" method (18), the ratio of Bact. coli to Bact.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…coli in nature (20 to 1 in soils, grains and vegetation), as opposed to the predominance of Bact. coli over aerogenes in feces proper (100 to 1) (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Colon‐Aerogenes Types of Bacteria as Criteria of Fecal Pollution

Tonney¹,

Noble²

1932

Journal AWWA

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confidence: 66%

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confidence: 95%

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Colon‐Aerogenes Types of Bacteria as Criteria of Fecal Pollution

Tonney¹,

Noble²

1932

Journal AWWA

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“…aerogenes types are easily obtainable, as well as the total group count. The differentiation of the two types of organisms based on the colony appearance, gives a high degree of confirmation by other differential tests (3,4).…”

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confidence: 96%

An Improved Ferrocyanide‐Citrate Agar for Direct Enumeration of Colon‐Aerogenes Organisms

Tonney¹,

Noble²

1931

Journal AWWA

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In employing ferro cyanide-citrate agar (1) to obtain direct counts of colon-aerogenes organisms in feces, soils, vegetation, sewage and water supplies (2), we have been impressed by certain practical advantages of the direct plating method which suggests that a simplified technic, adapted to routine requirements, may prove to be useful in water analysis.Briefly these advantages over the usual fermentation methods are as follows:1. The direct count is less subject to error and is inherently more accurate than an estimate of numbers based on inoculation of fractional portions of the sample in a series of tubes of liquid medium.2. The plating process is simple, consisting only of planting the plates and counting the colonies. When ferrocyanide-citrate agar is employed, further confirmatory steps appear to be unnecessary in ordinary routine.3. The completed findings are obtained in a shorter time; viz., in thirty-six to forty-two hours. Presumptive indications are available in about twenty-eight hours.4. Less labor is required. 5. The direct counts on ferro cyanide-citrate agar are not obscured by overgrowths and are not interfered with by common lactosefermenting organisms.6. For obtaining pure cultures of Bact. coli or Bact. aerogenes, the poured plate, as a source from which to fish colonies, is much superior to Endo's medium or eosin methylene blue agar, inoculated by the surface streak method.7. By means of the distinctive appearance of the colon-aerogenes

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Tonney¹

1931

JAMA

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or not a given mass really represents agglutinated organisms. The method should be particularly useful in those laboratories that are now subdividing the organisms of group IV into the various types, since the quantities of organisms and serums required are much smaller than for the macroscopic method.In practically all the preparations the organisms at the periphery tend to be crowded more closely together than in the remainder of the drop, and the inexpe¬ rienced eye is inclined at first to mistake such group¬ ings for true agglutination. One should take care, therefore, to examine the whole drop before reaching any conclusion as to whether or not agglutination has taken place.One other precaution that should be mentioned is that the type III organisms very often agglutinate in only one or two large clumps, which fall to the bottom of the drop and which, in this situation, may be over¬ looked. If one is not careful, one is likely to focus the attention on the few organisms remaining free in the upper part of the fluid and fail entirely to observe the big clumps at the bottom.Although this method has been applied extensively only to the pneumococcus, it should be found equally useful in other agglutination reactions. The strepto¬ cocci, for example, are stained well by this method, and even gram-negative bacteria take the stain, though with less intensity than do the gram-positive organisms.In three cases, two of which were of group IV and one of type III, it has been possible to obtain directly from the sputum sufficient organisms for typing by this method, without

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The Direct Count of Colon-Aerogenes Organisms: Its Possibilities and Promise

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Colon‐Aerogenes Types of Bacteria as Criteria of Fecal Pollution

Colon‐Aerogenes Types of Bacteria as Criteria of Fecal Pollution

An Improved Ferrocyanide‐Citrate Agar for Direct Enumeration of Colon‐Aerogenes Organisms

Success in Public Health Research

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