The ‘ding’

Recognition and characteristics of concussions in the emergency department population

“…Although the exact duration of symptoms is not well estimated by a retrospective survey such as this one, it has allowed us to grade the concussions, as type and duration of symptoms are usually an important part of the grading criteria for the various grading systems (7,9,12,28,48,(51)(52)(53). Although the myriad of grading systems and return to play guidelines often differ slightly, all agree that no one should return to athletic competition or expose themselves to high-risk activities for head injury until they are fully recovered.…”

Concussion incidences and severity in secondary school varsity football players.

“…23 Because of the potential for progressive neurological debilitation,22-27 continued observation of these cases for persistent and/or changing symptoms is essential. Individuals who experience a definite loss of consciousness must be removed from activity and not permitted to re-enter.22 '28-30 In cases involving a loss of consciousness for less than five minutes, hospital admission for observation is recommended;3",32 immediate hospitalization and neurosurgical consultation is indicated in severe cases where there is an initial loss of consciousness for five minutes or more.…”

Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport – the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008

“…(80,84,85) Further it must be noted that retrograde amnesia varies with the time of measurement post-injury and hence is poorly reflective of injury severity. (86,87) …”