The Dimensions of Physical Fitness. A Factor Analysis of Strength Tests

The Dimensions of Human Physical Performance: Factor Analysis of Strength, Stamina, Flexibility, and Body Composition Measures

“…Through the use of mathematical clustering techniques (e.g., factor analysis), the resulting clusters are used to define the functional abilities common to the tests. Examples of earlier studies include Bass (1939) ;Brogden, Burke, and Lubin (1952); Carpenter (1941); Cousins (1955); Cumbee and Harris (1953); Cumbee, Myer, and Peterson (1957); Cureton (1947) ;Fleishman, Kremer, and Shoup (1961) ;Fleishman, Thomas, and Munroe (1961); Hempel and Fleishman (1 955); Henry (1 960); Highmore (1 956); Ismail and Cowell (1 96 1); Larson (1940Larson ( ,1941; McCloy (1956); McCraw (1949); Metheny (1938);Phillips (1949); Rarick (1937); Seashore (1942); Sills (1950).…”

“…Subsequently, Fleishman and associates (Fleishman, 1963, l964b;Fleishman, Kremer, & Shoup, 1961 ;Fleishman, Thomas, & Munroe, 1961) undertook factor analytic research to integrate much of the previous work on physical abilities in a series of studies within a single comprehensive research program. Whereas previous factor analysis studies focused on relatively short physical test batteries, with relatively smsrli samples, it was possible in Reishmgn's research program to combine alternative measures of practically all previously identified factors.…”

“…A six-factor model, based primarily on the best established factors from earlier research, was postulated (Fleishman, 1964b;Fleishman, Kremer, & Shoup, 1961;Fleishman, Thomas, & Munroe, 1961). These factors include Static Strength, Dynamic Strength, Explosive Strength, Trunk Strength, and Flexibility, as well as a Stamina (cardiovascular endurance) factor.…”

Documentation of Muscularly Demanding Job Tasks and Validation of an Occupational Strength Test Battery (STB)

“…For example, Fleishman (Fleishman, 1964;Fleishman, Dremer, & Shoup, 1961) identified nine basic elements of fitness and strength, including three primary strength factors: dynamic strength, static strength, and explosive strength. Dynamic strength involves movement or support of the weight of one's body, as exemplified in pull-ups and push-ups.…”

Factor Analyses of Physical Fitness Tests

“…Elsewhere(Fleishman, Kremer, & Shoup, 1961) we have conceptualized the three main strength factors in terms of a physical model applied to muscle systems. Briefly, a system of muscles may be crudely compared with a gasoline engine which takes in oxygen and hydrocarbons, combines them with the release of energy and exhausts carbon dioxide and water.…”