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To assess whether sleep abnormalities are related to the genetic abnormalities in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), we performed polysomnographic studies (nighttime and daytime) and determined the chromosome 15 genotypes in eight patients with PWS. Four patients demonstrated sleep onset REM periods (SOREM), and five met the objective polysomnographic criteria for severe or moderate excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Three of the four patients with SOREM displayed a paternally derived deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13, whereas the fourth exhibited maternal uniparental heterodisomy in this chromosomal region (UPD). Two of the four patients that did not display SOREM carried paternally derived deletions; the remaining two demonstrated UPD. Four of the five patients with EDS displayed paternal deletions, and the fifth exhibited UPD. One of three patients without evidence of EDS demonstrated paternal deletion; the remaining two showed UPD. Although neither EDS nor SOREM was not consistently associated with a specific genetic abnormality, these phenotypes may be more common in patients with paternal deletions than in those UPD. Sleep abnormalities in PWS cannot be explained by a single genetic model.

4TSI 0. 1.4f~b1'~r) l~n '~PO A "FPRI() rCOVI741rF Technicral Report VALIDATIONl OF THE MILITARY EtýTRAIICE January 19b2-.July 1983', PHYSICAL 'TRENGTH CAPACITY TE'T PF. RFORdINVr ORr. RFPORT NME No 3-10 __ * 7 AUHOR.) CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMHER(.)

Research recently completed for a large international craft union provided the opportunity for an empirical assessment of functional job analysis (FJA) as a method for developing job-related performance standards. Based on content-oriented test development procedures, work sample tests were developed to measure operator achievement of these training standards. According to the results the tests significantly differentiated between skill levels of operating engineers in which the significant criterion factor was the degree of independence and autonomy the operator could be permitted in doing the work. FJA proved to be a useful technique for defining the work of operating engineers so that the knowledges, skills and abilities required can be easily communicated to the courts and the public.THE International Union of Operating Engineers, in collaboration with contractors, conducts a national apprentice training program at some 75 training centers operated by local unions throughout the United States.' During the early 19703, class action suits initiated by individuals were brought against several union locals charging racial discrimination in selection for apprenticeship training. Among the charges were these: the high school diploma required, language and mathematics requirements of qualification tests, and the length of apprenticeship (4 years) were either irrelevant to the work or unnecessary to achieve competence. The work of the operating engineer, it was charged, was much simpler than was claimed by the union and could be learned in a much shorter period of time.In view of the inadequacy of data to deal with these charges, the ' Operating engineers are operators of heavy equipment, usually with moving machines, such as bulldozers, loaders, scrapers, backhoes, graders, and the like. 1