The Digestion and Absorption of Nitrogenous Compounds in the Ruminant

Phillipson, A. T.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3209-6.50010-4

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Through the years many attempts were made to determine the optimum concentrations of ammonia in the rumen and to relate it to synthesis of microbial protein (Roffler & Satter, 1975). Allison (1970) and Satter & Slyter (1974) In all these studies, the concentration of ammonia in the rumen meant the concentration in compartment 1 only. Yet, since the concentration of carbohydrate in this compartment is low, it is unlikely to be the most active metabolic site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and changes in urease (EC3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec)

Czerkawski

Breckenridge

1982

Br J Nutr

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1. The Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) was used in a series of long-term experiments to study the distribution and changes of urease (EC 3.5. I . 5 ) activity in a heterogeneous fermentation system.2. It was shown that in Rusitec the high urease activity from the inoculum decreased to low values, that the rate of decrease was consistent with simple dilution of ureolytic micro-organisms and that the urease activity could be restored to original values by infusion of urea into the reaction vessels. The magnitude of this urease activity was a direct function of the amounts of urea infused. Single daily additions of the same or greater amounts of urea in food or as solid failed to increase the urease activity significantly.3. In general, urease activity increased 2-6 h after feeding and the increases were greater with roughage diets. 4. The ureolytic activity per unit volume was alwayshigher in compartment 2 (space occupied by micro-organisms that are loosely associated with the solid) than in compartment 1 (strained rumen contents) or compartment 3 (space occupied by microbial population that cannot be washed out of the solid matrix). 5.The distribution of urease activity between the compartments was different from the distribution of certain other enzymes (e.g. protease and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3 . 1 . 3 . I)).6. Apart from the boundary region, the concentrations of urease, ammonia and volatile fatty acids in compartment 2 were constant, while the concentrations of protein, DNA and another enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) increased with the depth of the compartment. Specific urease activity (per unit weight of protein or DNA) was much higher in compartment I than in compartment 2 and it decreased markedly with depth of compartment.7. The concentrations of ammonia were always much higher in the solid matrix (compartments 2 and 3) than in the free suspension of micro-organisms (compartment I). There was a linear relation between these two quantities.8. The results are discussed in relation to published work on the entry and metabolism of urea in the rumen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and changes in urease (EC3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec)

Czerkawski

Breckenridge

1982

Br J Nutr

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“…3) and to the gastrointestinal tract (Fig. a) Although the mechanism(s) controlling urea transfer to the rumen await clarifical tion, physiological controls to prevent excessive urea transfer may be advantaseous in minimizing energy eipenditure i"n resynthesis of urea (Martin and Blaxter 1965) (Phillipson 1964) and to salivary protein (Hogan 1975). As a result of tiN^ tracer studies, Havassy et a|.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Degradation and Utilization of Endogenous Urea in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants: A Review

Kennedy¹,

Milligan²

1980

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

244

148

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“…Significantly greater quantities of threonine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine were excreted in the feces of steers fed the RSM diet than were excreted from those getting the other three diets ( Satter et al (1970) Weston (1971) and MacRae et al (1972) and with treated clover forage by Hemsley et al (J970) in sheep studies. (Bigwood 1964) and the mixing of gastric secretions (Phillipson 1964; Coehlo da Silva et al 1972 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Treating Rapeseed Meal and Casein With Formaldehyde on the Flow of Nutrients Through the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fistulated Holstein Steers

Sharma¹,

Ingalls²,

Parker³

1974

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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The Digestion and Absorption of Nitrogenous Compounds in the Ruminant

Cited by 36 publications

References 104 publications

Distribution and changes in urease (EC3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec)

Distribution and changes in urease (EC3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec)

The Degradation and Utilization of Endogenous Urea in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants: A Review

Effects of Treating Rapeseed Meal and Casein With Formaldehyde on the Flow of Nutrients Through the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fistulated Holstein Steers

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