Effects of Treating Rapeseed Meal and Casein With Formaldehyde on the Flow of Nutrients Through the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fistulated Holstein Steers

Sharma, H. R.; Ingalls, J. R.; Parker, Richard

doi:10.4141/cjas74-042

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is to be expected; apparent digestibilities will always be lower than true digestibilities. The high apparent digestibility of cystine observed by Armstrong & Hutton (1975) was not found in our work nor that of Sharma et al (1974). Most other workers (see Table 2) have found the digestibility of methionine to be higher than the digestibility of the other AA.…”

Section: Digestibility Of Diflerent Fractions Of Rmo-ncontrasting

confidence: 47%

The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

Storm¹,

Brown²,

Ørskov³

1983

Br J Nutr

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1. An experiment was conducted with three sheep maintained entirely by intragastric nutrition to estimate the digestibility of isolated individual constituents and amino acids (AA) of rumen micro-organisms (RMO) in the small intestine.2. Five levels of RMO were infused into the abomasum. The apparent and true disappearance of the individual components were measured by regression of abomasal input on the passage at the ileum. In order to proceed further to state the AA requirement of ruminants precisely it is also necessary to estimate the digestibility of each AA from RMO since this is the main protein source for ruminants. The present paper describes the estimation by regression analysis of the true digestibilities of total N, total AA-N, RNA, DNA and nineteen individual AA of RMO and the endogenous losses of these substances in the small intestine of three sheep sustained entirely by a constant intraruminal infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and minerals and abomasal infusion of five different amounts of RMO. A preliminary account of some of this work has been given previously (Storm & Orskov, 1982). MATERIALS A N D METHODS Animals.Three Suffolk x (Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn) wether lambs, weighing between 27 and 36 kg, were used.Each animal was surgically prepared with a permanent rumen cannula and an abomasal catheter, as previously described by Orskov et al. (1979). Furthermore, the animals were fitted with a simple T-piece cannula in the distal part of the ileum, 15-20 mm anterior to the ileo-caecal junction. The open end of the ileal cannula was exteriorized midway up on the right flank of the animal and a plastic loop arranged on each side of the cannulas according to Hecker (1974) so that total collection of ileal fluid was possible.Infusion treatment. After the lambs had been fitted with the cannulas they were kept in individual metabolism cages for 2 weeks before intragastric infusion was commenced. The infusion regimen was then gradually introduced over 10-12 d. Clean drinking water was freely available at all times. 16-2

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Section: Digestibility Of Diflerent Fractions Of Rmo-ncontrasting

confidence: 47%

The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

Storm¹,

Brown²,

Ørskov³

1983

Br J Nutr

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“…The only substantial difference between the two diets was the roughage component. Sharma et al (1974) also found that formaldehyde treatment of casein and rape-seed meal increased the flow of dry matter from the abomasum slightly and that 68-1 to 65-5% of intake was appearing at the abomasum. These values are similar to those obtained in the present experiment of 58-3% for the organic matter at the duodenum for the soya-bean meal diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The preand post-ruminal digestion of organic matter in the present experiment showed the same trend. Sharma et al (1974) fed a semi-purified diet containing casein and urea to steers and obtained much greater flow of dry matter to the duodenum (57-2% of intake) than Hume (1970) obtained with a semi-purified diet containing casein and urea in sheep (25-5% of intake). The only substantial difference between the two diets was the roughage component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Ibrahim & Ingalls (1972) showed that when a semi-purified diet with urea as nitrogen source was replaced by a conventional hay, barley, soya-bean meal diet for cows, total amino acids increased from 15-2% of dry matter in rumen digesta to 21-8%. Later, Sharma et al (1974) found that total amino acids increased from 15-6 to 19-9% of abomasal dry matter in steers when the casein supplement to a semi-purified diet was treated with formaldehyde.…”

Section: The Flow and Digestion Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Jacobs¹,

Leibholz

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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Semi-purified diets containing urea (diet A), uric acid (diet B) or soya-bean meal (diet C) as the sole source of nitrogen were fed to two Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. Total collections of digesta leaving the abomasum were made over 24-h periods.The flow of organic matter to the duodenum expressed as a percentage of intake increased from 35-8% (diet A) and 40-6% (diet B) for the non-protein nitrogen diets to 58-3% for diet C. A greater proportion of the apparent digestion of organic matter occurred in the forestomachs of the calves when fed diets A or B than when they were fed diet C.The flow of nitrogen from the abomasum expressed as a percentage of intake showed a significant increase (P < 0-05) from 65-4% for diet A to 84-4% for diet B and 85-1% for diet C. When diets B and C were fed to the calves a greater proportion of the apparent digestion of nitrogen occurred in the hindgut than when they were fed diet A. The synthesis of microbial protein was 13-9 gand 13-0 g for every 100 g of organic matter digested in the stomach when the calves were fed diets B and C and only 10-9 g when the calves were fed diet A.A significantly (P < 0-05) greater proportion of dry matter of the digesta at the duodenum was composed of amino acids on diet C (19-5%) than diet A (16-1%) with the proportion of essential amino acids (especially threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine) also being greater. The amino acid composition of the digesta dry matter on diet B was intermediate (17-2%).From the data presented, it was predicted that cystine and histidine were the first limiting amino acids for growth when the calves were fed the non-protein nitrogen diets (A and B).

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Effect of different levels of casein, with or without formaldehyde treatment, on carbohydrate metabolism between mouth and duodenum of steers

McAllan¹,

Williams²,

Merry³

et al. 1982

J Sci Food Agric

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Steers, fitted with simple rumen and duodenal cannulas, were given a basal diet of approximately equal parts of straw and flaked maize [containing 12 g N kg-1 dry matter (DM)] or similar diets in which part of the flaked maize was replaced by different amounts of untreated (UT) casein or formaldehyde-treated (FT) casein to give low (L), medium (M) or high (H) intakes of nitrogen (19, 26 and 34 g N kg-1 DM, respectively). Rumen bacteria, separated from samples of rumen digesta taken about 4 h after giving a feed of the basal diet, contained approximately 160 g OLdextran-glucose ('starch') and 300 g crude protein (CP) kg-1 DM. Bacteria from steers receiving the highest level of FT or UT, contained approximately 140 and 70 g 'starch' and 320 and 580 g CP kg-l DM, respectively. It was calculated that bacteria contributed approximately 65, 50 and 30 g 'starch' day-' at the duodenum of steers receiving basal, FT casein and UT casein diets, respectively. Of the total carbohydrates entering the small intestine, all the rhamnose and ribose and approximately 50-65 % of the mannose, galactose and 'starch' were contributed by the bacteria, the remainder being dietary in origin. Virtually all the xylose, arabinose and cellulose-glucose were contributed by surviving dietary materials. For steers receiving the basal ration, mean coefficients of digestibility between mouth and duodenum (corrected for bacterial contribution) were 0.91, 0.97, 0.79, 0.43, 0.22 and 0.41 for mannose, starch-glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and cellulose-glucose, respectively. Coefficients of digestibility for diets supplemented with FT caseins were not appreciably different from those obtained with basal diets, but for diets supplemented with UT caseins those of arabinose, xylose and cellulose-glucose were significantly increased to 0.66, 0.55 and 0.56, respectively.

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Effects of Treating Rapeseed Meal and Casein With Formaldehyde on the Flow of Nutrients Through the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fistulated Holstein Steers

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Effect of different levels of casein, with or without formaldehyde treatment, on carbohydrate metabolism between mouth and duodenum of steers

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