The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

Storm, E; Brown, David Stanley; Ørskov, E. R.

doi:10.1079/bjn19830116

Cited by 87 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The proportions of [ 14 C]methionine and [ 35 S]amino acids representing cysteine and methionine appearing unabsorbed at the terminal ileum averaged 013 and 002. The value for cysteine plus methionine labelled with 35 S appears rather high compared with those of cysteine reported for rumen bacteria by Elliot & Little (1977) and Storm et al (1983) but they are similar to values reported by Armstrong & Hutton (1975). If the absorption of lysine, tyrosine, cysteine and methionine are considered to be representative of the digestibility of other amino acids in fungal proteins, the results in Table 1 show that the true digestibility of fungal proteins is c. 0-9.…”

Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nutritional availability of amino acids from the rumen anaerobic fungusNeocallimastixsp. LM1 in sheep

et al. 1989

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SUMMARYThe rumen anaerobic fungusNeocallimastixsp. LM1 was specifically labelled in batch culture with either [14C]lysine, [14C]lysine + [3H] tyrosine, [14C] methionine, or [35S] sulphide. Fractionation of acid hydrolysates of fungal biomass on an amino acid analyser showed that the labelled amino acids were directly incorporated into fungal protein with little or no degradation. [35S] Sulphide was incorporated into cysteine and methionine.Absorption of amino acids from the small intestine was measured in sheep with permanent fistulae in the abomasum and terminal ileum, by introducing radiolabelled fungal biomass into the abomasum together with Cr-EDTA as the marker for digesta flow. The proportions of [14C] lysine (Expt 1), [14C] lysine + [3H] tyrosine (Expt 2), [14C] methionine (Expt 3) and the sulphur amino acids from [35S] sulphide (Expt 4) which appeared unabsorbed at the terminal ileum averaged 0·13, 0·07 + 0·08, 0·13 and 0·02, respectively. These proportions reflect the high digestibility of certain essential amino acids and the sulphur amino acids of fungal proteins. The results indicate that the true fractional digestibility of fungal proteins isc. 0·9. Consequently, a large biomass of anaerobic fungi in rumen digesta would be expected to provide a valuable source of digestible amino acids to ruminants.

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Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nutritional availability of amino acids from the rumen anaerobic fungusNeocallimastixsp. LM1 in sheep

et al. 1989

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“…If so, rumen microbial NAN flow at the ileum is likely to be slightly overestimated and consequently true digestibility and absorption in the small intestine slightly underestimated. The digestibility of rumen microbial NAN in the small intestine did not differ between diets and the overall mean value was 0.72 whilst, in other studies, values of 0.71 for 35S-labelled bacteria in the intestines of sheep (Bird, 1972), 0.75 and 0-85 for I5N-and 36S-labelled bacteria respectively in young cattle (Salter & Smith, 1978) and 0-82 in sheep (Storm et al 1983) have been obtained.…”

Section: N Digestion In the Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 63%

Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting forms and levels of N

et al. 1985

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1. Nitrogen kinetics were studied in six sheep (45-55 kg live weight) consuming either a high-N grass silage or a low-N dried grass made from swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The diets were fed hourly at a level of 600 g dry matter/d and supplied 19.5 and 11.0 g N/d respectively.2. The amounts of organic matter (OM) consumed and flowing at the duodenum and ileum and excreted in the faeces were similar (P > 0.05) with both diets. Each diet supplied 23 g digestible OM/d per kg live eight^''^, which was sufficient to maintain body-weight.3. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between diets in rumen fluid volume, fractional outflow rate of fluid from the rumen, total concentration of volatile fatty acids or molar proportion of acetate in the rumen. The pH and molar proportion of propionate in rumen fluid were higher (P i 0.01), and molar proportion of butyrate lower (P < 0,001) when the silage was given. 4.There was a net loss of N (4.0 g/d) between mouth and duodenum when the silage was consumed but a net gain (5.5 g/d) when the dried grass was consumed. As a result, total non-ammonia-N (NAN) flow at the duodenum did not differ (P > 0.05) between diets. Rumen microbial NAN flow at the duodenum, based on 15N as the marker, also did not differ (P > 0.05) between diets but the efficiency of microbial N synthesis in the rumen (g/kg OM apparently digested) was higher (P < 0.05) with the dried grass.5. When the sheep were consuming silage they had a higher concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid (P < 0.01), a higher rate of irreversible loss of ammonia from the rumen (P < 0.05) and a higher rate of absorption of ammonia across the rumen wall (P i 0.01). The rate of absorption was found to be more closely related to the unionized ammonia concentration in rumen fluid (r2 0.85) than to the total ammonia concentration (r2 0.36).6. Endogenous N entry into the forestomachs was calculated to be 5.5 g/d when the silage was given and 9.4 g/d when the dried grass was given, of which 1.7 and 3.5 g/d respectively were in the form of urea. Thus, approximately 4-6 g N/d were derived from non-urea materials.7. Within the small intestine the apparent absorption coefficient of rumen microbial NAN (0.72) did not differ (P > 0.05) between diets but the apparent absorption coefficient of total NAN was lower (P < 0.05) when the I silage was given, owing to a lower (P i 0.01) absorption coefficient of the non-microbial NAN fraction (undegraded feed and endogenous). 8.Within the large intestine, diet had no effect (P > 0 05) on the apparent absorption coefficients of total N (0.22) and rumen microbial NAN (0.63). 9. Plasma urea concentration, the rate of urea synthesis in the body and urinary urea excretion were higher (P < 0.001) when the silage was consumed. However, the transfer of urea to the whole digestive tract and to the post-ruminal part of the tract did not differ (P > 0.05) between diets; urea transfer to the rumen was higher (P < 0.01) when the dried grass was given.10. The results were used to construct a whole-anim...

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“…Proteins that escape microbial degradation in the rumen are particularly important for growth, development, gluconeogenesis, and possibly toxin excretion when the amino acid profiles of the escape proteins differ from microbial proteins (Maiga et al 1996). Both CSM and DDG provide a source of amino acids to the small intestine that differ from the amino acids available from microbial protein (Storm and Orskov 1983;O'Mara et al 1997; Table 5). CSM provides more arginine and glutamine to the small intestine, while DDG provides more glutamine and proline to the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplements Containing Escape Protein Improve Redberry Juniper Intake by Goats

George

Scott

Whitney³

et al. 2010

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.) is a common invasive plant species in west-central Texas. Goats will consume redberry juniper, but intake is limited by monoterpenoids found in the plant. Previous research has shown that goats will increase juniper intake through 1) conditioning and 2) protein supplementation. This study compared intake of juniper when goats received different protein supplements either with or without protein sources that are high in amino acids that escape digestion in the rumen. Recently weaned Boer-cross goats (n 5 47) were randomly placed into five treatments. Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 received a protein supplement and juniper for 1 h daily for 14 d, along with a basal diet of alfalfa pellets (2% body weight). Treatment 5 received only a basal diet of alfalfa pellets and juniper. All supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous (37% crude protein [CP]). Treatment 1 contained cottonseed meal (high CP escape value), treatment 2 contained cottonseed meal and distiller's dried grain (higher CP escape value), treatment 3 contained soybean meal (low CP escape value), and treatment 4 contained soybean meal and distiller's dried grain (moderate CP escape value). Refusals of juniper, supplements, and alfalfa were weighed daily to determine intake. Supplementation with 1) cottonseed meal, 2) soybean meal, or 3) soybean meal and distillers dried grain did not influence (P. 0.05) juniper intake. Conversely, goats supplemented with cottonseed meal and distiller's dried grain ate more (P , 0.05) juniper than goats receiving only alfalfa, possibly because of increased escape of glucogenic amino acids. We contend that supplementation with feeds high in protein escape values should increase juniper intake on rangelands. Resumen Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. es una especie vegetal invasora común en centro-oeste de Texas. Las cabras consumen J. pinchotii, pero su ingesta está limitada por mono-terpenoides encontrados en esta planta. Investigaciones previas han demostrado que las cabras aumentan el consumo de J. pinchotii a través de 1) condicionamiento y 2) suplementación proteica. En este ensayo se comparó la ingesta de J. pinchotii de cabras que recibieron distintos suplementos proteicos con o sin fuentes de proteína con alto contenido de aminoácidos que escapan la digestión en el rumen. Cabras cruza Boer recientemente destetadas (n 5 47) fueron asignadas al azar a 5 tratamientos. Los tratamientos 1, 2, 3, y 4 recibieron un suplemento proteico y J. pinchotii durante una hora diaria a lo largo de 14 días, junto con una dieta basal de pellets de alfalfa (2% peso corporal). El tratamiento 5 recibió solamente una dieta basal de pellets de alfalfa y J. pinchotii. Todos los suplementos fueron formulados para ser iso-nitrogenados (37% PB). El Tratamiento 1 incluyó expeller de algodón (alto nivel de proteína pasante); el Tratamiento 2 incluyó expeller de algodón y granos de destilería de maíz desecados (contenido superior de proteína pasante); el Tratamiento 3 incluyó expeller de soja (bajo nivel de prot...

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The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

Cited by 87 publications

References 14 publications

Nutritional availability of amino acids from the rumen anaerobic fungusNeocallimastixsp. LM1 in sheep

Nutritional availability of amino acids from the rumen anaerobic fungusNeocallimastixsp. LM1 in sheep

Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting forms and levels of N

Supplements Containing Escape Protein Improve Redberry Juniper Intake by Goats

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