The Digestion, Absorption and Transport of Fats—non-Ruminants

Freeman, C.P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-10864-5.50011-5

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…At day 14 postweaning, although not significant, the digestibilities of the total fat, C16:0, and C18:0 with emulsification were 95.1%, 94.4%, 82.1%, respectively, compared with 92.1%, 92,1%, and 69.2% without emulsification. The pig was reported to have glycine conjugates (Freeman 1984). In broiler chickens, the digestibility of C16:0 and C18:0 was higher for the diet containing soybean oil compared with the diet containing tallow (Tancharoenrat et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acidic condition of the ruminant duodenum and jejunum limits the formation of insoluble calcium soaps of saturated FA. In general, lower pH was reported for the duodenum of ruminants than monogastrics (Freeman 1984). Taurocholic has a pKa of 2.0 while glycocholic has a pKa of 3.9 (Setchell et al 2013) so taurine-conjugated bile acids should be more soluble at the lower duodenal pH of ruminants than glycine conjugates although Freeman (1984) states that conjugation of either glycine or taurine had little effect on solubilizing properties of bile salts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, lower pH was reported for the duodenum of ruminants than monogastrics (Freeman 1984). Taurocholic has a pKa of 2.0 while glycocholic has a pKa of 3.9 (Setchell et al 2013) so taurine-conjugated bile acids should be more soluble at the lower duodenal pH of ruminants than glycine conjugates although Freeman (1984) states that conjugation of either glycine or taurine had little effect on solubilizing properties of bile salts. However, Madenci and Egelhaaf (2010) reported that critical micellar concentration was slightly larger for glycine conjugates than taurine conjugates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences were attributed to the nonpolar nature of C16:0 and C18:0 that required emulsification prior to absorption, but that long-chain saturated FAs were also not readily incorporated into micelles. Chicks were reported to have taurine conjugates (Freeman 1984). In addition, the role of pH and melting temperature is also likely involved as well as other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of feeding lipid supplements high in palmitic acid or stearic acid on performance of lactating dairy cows

Chamberlain

DePeters

2016

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Effects of feeding lipid supplements high in free fatty acids (FAs) of palmitate (C16:0) or stearate (C18:0) plus C18:1 cis 9&10 on milk yield and composition, apparent whole-tract apparent digestibility of FA, and the FA composition of milk lipids were studied. Four lactating Holstein cows with ruminal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square assignment of four dietary treatments. Lipid supplements were enriched in free fatty concentrations of either palmitic acid (P) or stearic acid (S). The total mixed-ration contained 20 g/kg of lipid supplement that consisted of varying proportions of P to S. Treatments were: 100:0 P:S (P), 0:100 P:S (S), and two mixtures including 66:34 P:S (PS) and 34:66 P:S (SP). Milk yield and dry matter intake were not affected by lipid supplement, but the concentration and yield of fat in milk increased with increasing C16:0 in the lipid supplement. Increasing the C16:0 concentration in the lipid supplement increased its concentration in milk lipids while increasing C18:0 in the lipid supplement increased C18:0 concentration in milk fat. Whole-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) did not differ with lipid supplement, but organic matter digestibility tended to decrease with increasing C18:0 in the lipid supplement. Whole-tract digestibility of total FAs decreased with the increasing proportion of C18:0 to C16:0 in the lipid supplement. Apparent digestibility of C16:0 and C18:0 was not different within dietary treatment. The FA composition of the lipid supplement impacted both whole-tract digestibility of FAs and FA composition of milk lipids. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of feeding lipid supplements high in palmitic acid or stearic acid on performance of lactating dairy cows

Chamberlain

DePeters

2016

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…Segundo Freeman (1984), as aves jovens apresentam menor capacidade de produção de lipase pancreática e deficiência na produção de bile e, por isso, a digestão e a absorção das gorduras são menores. Esse quadro é revertido com o avançar da idade (Noy & Sklan, 1995).…”

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Efeito do processamento da soja integral sobre a energia metabolizável e a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos para aves

Freitas

Sakomura

Neme³

et al. 2005

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida para se avaliar o valor nutricional da soja integral submetida a diferentes processamentos. Quatro ensaios de metabolismo foram conduzidos para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (CDMS), do extrato etéreo (CDEE) e dos aminoácidos e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente e verdadeira da soja integral desativada (SID) e extrusada (SIE) e das misturas de farelo de soja com óleo degomado de soja (FSO) ou com óleo ácido de soja (FSOA). Nos ensaios um e dois, utilizou-se a metodologia tradicional de coleta total de excretas com pintos e galos, respectivamente. A metodologia da alimentação forçada com galos adultos intactos foi utilizada no ensaio três, e com galos cecotomizados, no ensaio quatro. Os CDMS e CDEE e a energia metabolizável determinados com galos foram superiores aos determinados com pintos. Os maiores valores de CDMS, CDEE e de energia metabolizável foram obtidos para FSO, seguidos pelos da SIE e FSOA, e os menores, para a SID. O processo de extrusão proporcionou melhores resultados no aproveitamento da gordura do grão de soja e, conseqüentemente, da energia. Entretanto, a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos não foi influenciada pelos processamentos. Os diferentes processamentos conferiram à soja integral características nutricionais que se distinguiram, principalmente quanto ao valor de energia metabolizável, que também variou com a idade das aves.Palavras-chave: extrusão, galos, pintos, processamento térmico, soja desativada Effects of Processing on Full Fat Soybean Metabolizable Energy Determined by Different Methodologies and Digestibility of Amino Acids for PoultryABSTRACT -This work was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of whole soybean submitted to different processing. Four trials were conducted to determine digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DCDM), ether extract (DCEE) and amino acids and the values of apparent and true metabolizable energy of the whole deactivated soybean processed by steam heated (WDS) and whole extruded soybean (WES) compared to a mixture of soybean meal plus soybean oil (SMO) and soybean meal plus soybean acid oil (SMAO). The trials one and two were conducted by using the total collection of excreta method with chicks and roosters, respectively. In the trials three and four, the force-feeding method with intact and cecectomized roosters, respectively, were used. The DCDM, DCEE and metabolizable energy determined by using roosters were higher than that determined with chicks. The DCDM, CDEE and metabolizable were higher for SMO, followed by WSE, SMAO and WDS. The DCMS, DCEE and metabolizable energy of WSE were higher than those of WDS. The amino acids digestibility coefficients did not differ for soybeans. The processing of whole soybeans promoted different values in the metabolizable energy of soybeans, which varied also with the bird age.

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