The different pathways of spore germination and inactivation in dependence of pressure and temperature

Reineke, Kai; Doehner, Isabel; Schlumbach, Karl; Baier, Daniel; Mathys, Alexander; Knorr, Dietrich

doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2011.09.006

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A similar effect has been described before, as a "shoulder formation" in the inactivation kinetics of HP-treated B. subtilis spores, a phenomenon that was assigned to spore agglomerates that disassociated during HP treatment (40,41). In the present study, we observed an increase in CFU per milliliter for three strains (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The FCM analyses identified two distinct subpopulations representing unknown states, which increased with increasing HP holding times. Previous FCM analyses of HP-treated B. subtilis and B. licheniformis spores have detected one such unknown state (28,30,40). The two unknown states seen in the present study displayed lower Syto16 fluorescence intensities than the germinated subpopulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

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Effects of High Pressure on Bacillus licheniformis Spore Germination and Inactivation

Borch-Pedersen

Mellegård

Reineke

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacillus and Clostridium species form spores, which pose a challenge to the food industry due to their ubiquitous nature and extreme resistance. Pressurization at Ͻ300 MPa triggers spore germination by activating germination receptors (GRs), while pressurization at Ͼ300 MPa likely triggers germination by opening dipicolinic acid (DPA) channels present in the inner membrane of the spores. In this work, we expose spores of Bacillus licheniformis, a species associated with food spoilage and occasionally with food poisoning, to high pressure (HP) for holding times of up to 2 h. By using mutant spores lacking one or several GRs, we dissect the roles of the GerA, Ynd, and GerK GRs in moderately HP (mHP; 150 MPa)-induced spore germination. We show that Ynd alone is sufficient for efficient mHPinduced spore germination. GerK also triggers germination with mHP, although at a reduced germination rate compared to that of Ynd. GerA stimulates mHP-induced germination but only in the presence of either the intact GerK or Ynd GR. These results suggests that the effectiveness of the individual GRs in mHP-induced germination differs from their effectiveness in nutrient-induced germination, where GerA plays an essential role. In contrast to Bacillus subtilis spores, treatment with very HP (vHP) of 550 MPa at 37°C did not promote effective germination of B. licheniformis spores. However, treatment with vHP in combination with elevated temperatures (60°C) gave a synergistic effect on spore germination and inactivation. Together, these results provide novel insights into how HP affects B. licheniformis spore germination and inactivation and the role of individual GRs in this process.IMPORTANCE Bacterial spores are inherently resistant to food-processing regimes, such as high-temperature short-time pasteurization, and may therefore compromise food durability and safety. The induction of spore germination facilitates subsequent inactivation by gentler processing conditions that maintain the sensory and nutritional qualities of the food. High-pressure (HP) processing is a nonthermal food-processing technology used to eliminate microbes from food. The application of this technology for spore eradication in the food industry requires a better understanding of how HP affects the spores of different bacterial species. The present study provides novel insights into how HP affects Bacillus licheniformis spores, a species associated with food spoilage and occasionally food poisoning. We describe the roles of different germination receptors in HPinduced germination and the effects of two different pressure levels on the germination and inactivation of spores. This study will potentially contribute to the effort to implement HP technology for spore inactivation in the food industry.KEYWORDS Bacillus licheniformis, spore germination, germination receptor, endospores, high pressure, high-pressure processing, spore inactivation, flow cytometry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Effects of High Pressure on Bacillus licheniformis Spore Germination and Inactivation

Borch-Pedersen

Mellegård

Reineke

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, it can be used for spore inactivation depending on the treatment time and temperature (Reineke et al, 2012(Reineke et al, , 2013). Significant spore inactivation is possible at moderate treatment pressures and temperatures for long pressure dwell times.…”

Section: Stages Consumedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of volumetric and surface decontamination techniques for innovative processing of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Rumpold

Fröhling

Reineke

et al. 2014

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies

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“…There could be minor inactivation of spores during the come-up time, however this was not accounted for. According to Reineke et al (2011Reineke et al ( , 2012, at this threshold pressure (600 MPa) combined with temperatures above 50-60°C, germination can be bypassed with direct spore inactivation, similar to heat inactivation.…”

Section: Modeling the 600 Mpa Hpp-thermal Inactivation Of Psychrotropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the inactivation of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus spores in beef slurry by 600 MPa HPP combined with 38–70 °C: Comparing with thermal processing and estimating the energy requirements

Evelyn

Silva

2016

Food and Bioproducts Processing

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The different pathways of spore germination and inactivation in dependence of pressure and temperature

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of High Pressure on Bacillus licheniformis Spore Germination and Inactivation

Effects of High Pressure on Bacillus licheniformis Spore Germination and Inactivation

Comparison of volumetric and surface decontamination techniques for innovative processing of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Modeling the inactivation of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus spores in beef slurry by 600 MPa HPP combined with 38–70 °C: Comparing with thermal processing and estimating the energy requirements

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