Comparison of volumetric and surface decontamination techniques for innovative processing of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Rumpold, Birgit A.; Fröhling, Antje; Reineke, Kai; Knorr, Dietrich; Boguslawski, Stefan; Ehlbeck, Jörg; Schlüter, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2014.09.002

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The TAC and YMC of fresh mealworms (respectively, 8.58 ± 0.07 and 4.70 ± 0.46) were consistent with other studies, showing a TAC level from 7.7 to 8.3 log cfu/g and a YMC level from 3.5 to 5.7 log cfu/g [7,17,20]. The TAC of fresh house crickets (7.97 ± 0.10) was also consistent with the results of Klunder et al [7], showing a TAC level of 7.2 log cfu/g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They concluded that blanched mealworms can be stored in refrigerated conditions for six days without substantial microbial growth and that blanching (with or without microwave drying) killed vegetative cells, but not bacterial spores. Rumpold et al [17] studied the surface and volumetric decontamination of mealworms by different techniques (direct and indirect plasma treatment for the surface and high hydrostatic pressure and thermal treatments for the whole insect). An indirect cold plasma technique was effective for surface decontamination and has a potential for live surface sterilization in the rearing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiological Load of Edible Insects Found in Belgium

Megido

Desmedt

Blecker

et al. 2017

Insects

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Edible insects are gaining more and more attention as a sustainable source of animal protein for food and feed in the future. In Belgium, some insect products can be found on the market, and consumers are sourcing fresh insects from fishing stores or towards traditional markets to find exotic insects that are illegal and not sanitarily controlled. From this perspective, this study aims to characterize the microbial load of edible insects found in Belgium (i.e., fresh mealworms and house crickets from European farms and smoked termites and caterpillars from a traditional Congolese market) and to evaluate the efficiency of different processing methods (blanching for all species and freeze-drying and sterilization for European species) in reducing microorganism counts. All untreated insect samples had a total aerobic count higher than the limit for fresh minced meat (6.7 log cfu/g). Nevertheless, a species-dependent blanching step has led to a reduction of the total aerobic count under this limit, except for one caterpillar species. Freeze-drying and sterilization treatments on European species were also effective in reducing the total aerobic count. Yeast and mold counts for untreated insects were above the Good Manufacturing Practice limits for raw meat, but all treatments attained a reduction of these microorganisms under this limit. These results confirmed that fresh insects, but also smoked insects from non-European trades, need a cooking step (at least composed of a first blanching step) before consumption. Therefore, blanching timing for each studied insect species is proposed and discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Load of Edible Insects Found in Belgium

Megido

Desmedt

Blecker

et al. 2017

Insects

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“…Extreme pH conditions applied did apparently inactivate microorganisms, only less effectively. For the production of microbial safe insect flours fractions, the application of effective inactivation processes as reported by Rumpold et al (2014) will be necessary and needs to be studied extensively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and techno-functionality of flours and proteins from two edible insect species: Meal worm ( Tenebrio molitor ) and black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae

Bußler

Rumpold

Jander

et al. 2016

Heliyon

Self Cite

218

172

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Depending on the species, edible insects are highly nutritious and thus represent a noteworthy alternative food and feed source. The current work investigates the protein extractability and techno-functionality of insect flour fractions recovered from Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens. T. molitor and H. illucens flours contained about 20% crude fat and 60% and 36 % crude protein, respectively. Defatting reduced the crude fat content to 2.8% (T. molitor) and 8.8% (H. illucens) and increased the crude protein content to 68% and 47%, respectively. To isolate proteins from the flours, protein solubility was optimized by varying the pH, the ionic strength, and the extraction temperature of the solvent. All products and by-products accumulated in the protein production process were characterized by composition, selected techno-functional properties, protein solubility, composition and structure as well as their microbial load.

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“…The more effective treatment among the ones tested was the combination of high hydrostatic pressure (600 MPa) and high temperature (90 °C) (Rumpold et al, 2014).…”

Section: Impact Of Processing and Storage 44mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

2015

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The present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other nonprocessed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in non-processed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein of human or ruminant origin. Data on transfer of chemical contaminants from different substrates to the insects are very limited. Substrates like kitchen waste, human and animal manure are also considered and hazards from insects fed on these substrates need to be specifically assessed. It is concluded that for both biological and chemical hazards, the specific production methods, the substrate used, the stage of harvest, the insect species and developmental stage, as well as the methods for further processing will all have an impact on the occurrence and levels of biological and chemical contaminants in food and feed products derived from insects. Hazards related to the environment are expected to be comparable to other animal production systems. The opinion also identifies the uncertainties (lack of knowledge) related to possible hazards when insects are used as food and feed and notes that there are no systematically collected data on animal and human consumption of insects. Studies on the occurrence of microbial pathogens of vertebrates as well as published data on hazardous chemicals in reared insects are scarce. Further data generation on these issues are highly recommended. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed EFSA Scientific Committee AbstractThe present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in nonprocessed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein ...

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Comparison of volumetric and surface decontamination techniques for innovative processing of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Cited by 57 publications

References 41 publications

Microbiological Load of Edible Insects Found in Belgium

Microbiological Load of Edible Insects Found in Belgium

Recovery and techno-functionality of flours and proteins from two edible insect species: Meal worm ( Tenebrio molitor ) and black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae

Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed

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