The Diet for Edible-Nest Swiftlets: Nutritional Composition and Cost of Life Stages of <i>Megaselia scalaris</i> Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Bred on 3 Commercial Breeding Materials

Ong, Song‐Quan; Tan, Eng Hua

doi:10.1177/1179543318823533

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The average nutritional composition in insects are mostly from protein with 37–61.4%, followed by fat and carbohydrates ( 42 ). The average composition of insects is found slightly homogeneous to the metabolite distribution in Clusters 2, 3, and 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the average nutritional composition of insects as above-mentioned does not fully represent all the insects. The components will differently depend on the species and the growth stage of insects ( 42 , 43 ). Since insect distribution was geographically dependent, the self-feeding behaviour of swiftlet in the natural environment will increase the variation in the metabolite distribution during the EBN production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographical Factor Influences the Metabolite Distribution of House Edible Bird's Nests in Malaysia

Tong

Lee²,

Cheong³

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Background: Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) is famously consumed as a food tonic for its high nutritional values with numerous recuperative and therapeutic properties. EBN is majority exploited from swiftlet houses but the differences in terms of metabolite distribution between the production site of house EBN is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the metabolite distribution and to determine the relationship pattern for the metabolite distribution of house EBNs from different locations in Malaysia.Methods: The differences of metabolite distribution in house EBN were studied by collecting the samples from 13 states in Malaysia. An extraction method of eHMG was acquired to extract the metabolites of EBN and was subjected to non-targeted metabolite profiling via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Unsupervised multivariate analysis and Venn diagram were used to explore the relationship pattern among the house EBNs in Malaysia. The geographical distribution surrounded the swiftlet house was investigated to understand its influences on the metabolite distribution.Results: The hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) combined with correlation coefficient revealed the differences between the house EBNs in Malaysia with four main clusters formation. The metabolites distribution among these clusters was unique with their varied combination of geographical distribution. Cluster 1 grouped EBNs from Selangor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu which geographically distributed with major oil palm field in township; Cluster 2 included Perak and Sarawak with high distribution of oil palm in higher altitude; Cluster 3 included Perlis, Kelantan, Kedah, Penang from lowland of paddy field in village mostly and Cluster 4 grouped Sabah, Pahang, Johor which are majorly distributed with undeveloped hills. The metabolites which drove each cluster formation have happened in a group instead of individual key metabolite. The major metabolites that characterised Cluster 1 were fatty acids, while the rest of the clusters were peptides and secondary metabolites.Conclusion: The metabolite profiling conducted in this study was able to discriminate the Malaysian house EBNs based on metabolites distribution. The factor that most inferences the differences of house EBNs were the geographical distribution, in which geographical distribution affects the distribution of insect and the diet of swiftlet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Factor Influences the Metabolite Distribution of House Edible Bird's Nests in Malaysia

Tong

Lee²,

Cheong³

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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“…The availability of various insects in a place or land are associated with different foraging intensities. Swiftlet will choose a foraging habitat based on the quality of land cover, namely the land cover that provides the highest profit, in the form of the availability of flying insects as abundant feed (Sanchez-Clavijo et al 2016;Ahmad et al 2019).…”

Section: Land Cover and Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dominant order of forage insects that feed swiftlet are Hymenoptera (89.8%) (bees, wasps, flying ants), Coleoptera (8.3%) (beetles, ladybugs, fireflies), Homoptera (1.7%) (whiteflies, fleas, leafhoppers), and Diptera (0.2%) (mosquitoes, flies). Meanwhile, when viewed at the family level, the Formicidae family is the type of feed insect mostly consumed by swiftlets, reaching 98.2% of the Hymenoptera order or 88.2% of the total swiftlet feed (Lourie and Tompkins 2000;Nituda and Nuneza 2016;Ahmad et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dietary, productivity, and economic value of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Mursidah, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Rayadin Y, Ruslim Y, Judinnur MB, Andy. 2021. The dietary, productivity, and economic value of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2528-2537. Edible-nest swiftlets have many health benefits. The availability of edible-nest swiftlets from caves is decreasing, while the demand for edible-nest swiftlets is getting higher. Swiftlet farming is carried out to meet this demand. The location of swiftlet farming should be close to the feeding sources. Swiftlet is flying insectivorous animals. A financial feasibility assessment is carried out to determine the feasibility of the business. This study aims to determine the composition of land cover, determine the insect order of feed sources, and analyze the production and financial feasibility of swiftlet farming. The study was carried out from June to December 2019. The composition of land cover was determined using the supervised classification method, the order of insects was known using the insect determination key, while production and financial feasibility were analyzed using the Net B/C, NPV, IRR, and PP methods. The observed location and swiftlet farming were determined purposefully. The results of this study show that the land cover was dominated by shrubs (56.58%) and secondary forest (27.3%); both types of land cover are suitable for swiftlet farming locations. The dominant insects found in shrubs and wetland shrubs are Diptera (78.25%), in rice fields are Diptera (86.7%) and in oil palm plantations are Diptera (29.4%) and Hymenoptera (27.78%). Edible-nest swiftlets harvest begins in the third year, with a production period of between 17-34 years. From the financial feasibility, it can be concluded that swiftlet farming is feasible.

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“…The preferred habitats for swiftlets are open waters, forests, and rice fields. In these habitats, many flying insects can be found by the swiftlets as the food sources (Petkliang et al 2017;Ahmad et al 2019). In case that swiftlets are farmed, the availability of abundant food sources affects the swiftlets entering the swiftlet houses built by farmers (Ibrahim et al 2009;Idris et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology, productivity and economic of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in Kota Bangun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Mursidah, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Rayadin Y, Ruslim Y. 2020. The ecology, productivity and economic of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in Kota Bangun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3117-3126. Swiftlet nest is a high-value non-timber forest product produced from the saliva of swiftlet birds. While the demands for this commodity continue to increase in global market, careless harvesting techniques have diminished the swiftlet population and the production of swiftlet nests, threatening its sustainability. One effort to solve this problem is by developing swiftlet farming which involves building swiftlet. This research aimed to analyze the ecology, productivity, and financial feasibility of swiftlet farming of different-sized swiftlet houses in Kota Bangun Subdistrict, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Data were collected using purposive sampling to determine the location, sample of swiftlet houses, and interviews with respondents. Quantitative analysis on the financial performance of swiftlet farming was analyzed using the net Benefit-Cost Ratio (net B/C), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PP) methods. The results showed that swiftlet nest production in Kota Bangun begins in the third year and ends between 27 and 45 years later, depending on the age and size of the house as well as the quality of the timber. The swiftlet house with a size of 512 m2 had the net B/C of 4.06, NPV of IDR 1,403.79 million, IRR of 30%, and PP of 5.44 years. The swiftlet house with a size of 1,600 m2 had the net B/C of 2.27, NPV of IDR 1,774.83 million, IRR of 24.09%, and PP of 9.4 years. Our study suggests that swiftlet farming is financially highly feasible, especially for the swiftlet house with a size of 512 m2.

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The Diet for Edible-Nest Swiftlets: Nutritional Composition and Cost of Life Stages of Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Bred on 3 Commercial Breeding Materials

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Geographical Factor Influences the Metabolite Distribution of House Edible Bird's Nests in Malaysia

Geographical Factor Influences the Metabolite Distribution of House Edible Bird's Nests in Malaysia

The dietary, productivity, and economic value of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

The ecology, productivity and economic of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in Kota Bangun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

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