The diameter of the common femoral artery in healthy human: Influence of sex, age, and body size

Sandgren, Thomas; Sonesson, Björn; Ahlgren, Åsa Rydén; Länne, Toste

doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70279-x

Cited by 210 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…11). The observed diameter of 0.4-0.5 mms conforms to average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 values of intact femoral arteries vessels in the living (Sandgren et al, 1999). Therefore, it seems plausible to identify them as calcifications of the femoral artery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Calcified structures associated with human skeletal remains: Possible atherosclerosis affecting the population buried at Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC)

Binder

Roberts

2014

International Journal of Paleopathology

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the thickening of the artery wall due to accumulating lipids, is one of the major causes. Generally assumed to be a disease of modern life-style related factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension), its history and epidemiology in the past are virtually unknown. Research on mummies from various geographic locations, time periods and socioeconomic backgrounds has revealed conclusive, albeit scant, evidence that atherosclerosis also affected past human populations. Little is known about the morphology of calcified atherosclerotic plaques that may be associated with human skeletal remains. Therefore, direct evidence of atherosclerosis from skeletal remains is largely absent. This paper presents five possible examples of calcified blood vessels which may represent atherosclerosis recovered from burials at Amara West, Sudan (1300-800BC) and reviews other potential causes of arterial calcification. Calcifications were recovered from the chest area of three middle-adult individuals as well as from the abdominal area and alongside the femur of two more. Based on morphology, anatomical location, scanning electron microscopy and radiography, they are probably calcified arterial plaques. These findings are unique in the bioarchaeological record and indicate that people have experienced atherosclerosis for at least 3000 years. Graphical Abstract (for review)Highlights:x Calcifications were recovered with skeletons from Amara West, Sudan (1300-800BC).x The structures can possibly be identified as calcified blood vessels.x The structures may result from calcification of atherosclerotic plaques.x The calcifications could be evidence of atherosclerosis in skeletal human remains.Highlights (for review) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Atherosclerosis, the thickening of the artery wall due to accumulating lipids, is one of the major causes. Generally assumed to be a disease of modern life-style related factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension), its history and epidemiology in the past are virtually unknown.Research on mummies from various geographic locations, time periods and socioeconomic backgrounds has revealed conclusive, albeit scant, evidence that atherosclerosis also affected past hu...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Calcified structures associated with human skeletal remains: Possible atherosclerosis affecting the population buried at Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC)

Binder

Roberts

2014

International Journal of Paleopathology

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“…43 Safe arterial access may be more challenging in women: studies have shown that women have smaller and shorter CFA compared with men 44 (Figure 7). Measures of height and weight correlate with CFA size.…”

Section: Sex Anatomy and Bmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Women, Bleeding, and Coronary Intervention

Ahmed

Dauerman

2013

Circulation

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“…Since the radius of a typical femoropopliteal artery is 3 mm or more, 17,18 the estimates with an MD error less than 3 mm were considered clinically useful. Table II shows the summary of results for all 14 occlusions that underwent IPD algorithm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved algorithm for femoropopliteal artery centerline restoration using prior knowledge of shapes and image space data

Rakshe¹,

Fleischmann²,

Rosenberg³

et al. 2008

Med. Phys.

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Accurate arterial centerline extraction is essential for comprehensive visualization in CT Angiography. Time consuming manual tracking is needed when automated methods fail to track centerlines through severely diseased and occluded vessels. A previously described algorithm, Partial Vector Space Projection ͑PVSP͒, which uses vessel shape information from a database to bridge occlusions of the femoropopliteal artery, has a limited accuracy in long ͑Ͼ100 mm͒ occlusions. In this article we introduce a new algorithm, Intermediate Point Detection ͑IPD͒, which uses calcifications in the occluded artery to provide additional information about the location of the centerline to facilitate improvement in PVSP performance. It identifies calcified plaque in image space to find the most useful point within the occlusion to improve the estimate from PVSP. In this algorithm candidates for calcified plaque are automatically identified on axial CT slices in a restricted region around the estimate obtained from PVSP. A modified Canny edge detector identifies the edge of the calcified plaque and a convex polygon fit is used to find the edge of the calcification bordering the wall of the vessel. The Hough transform for circles estimates the center of the vessel on the slice, which serves as a candidate intermediate point. Each candidate is characterized by two scores based on radius and relative position within the occluded segment, and a polynomial function is constructed to define a net score representing the potential benefit of using this candidate for improving the centerline. We tested our approach in 44 femoropopliteal artery occlusions of lengths up to 398 mm in 30 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Centerlines were tracked manually by four-experts, twice each, with their mean serving as the reference standard. All occlusions were first interpolated with PVSP using a database of femoropopliteal arterial shapes obtained from a total of 60 subjects. Occlusions longer than 80 mm ͑N =20͒ were then processed with the IPD algorithm, provided calcifications were found ͑N =14͒. We used the maximum point-wise distance of an interpolated curve from the reference standard as our error metric. The IPD algorithm significantly reduced the average error of the initial PVSP from 2.76 to 1.86 mm ͑p Ͻ 0.01͒. The error was less than the clinically desirable 3 mm ͑smallest radius of the femoropopliteal artery͒ in 13 of 14 occlusions. The IPD algorithm achieved results within the range of the human readers in 11 of 14 cases. We conclude that the additional use of sparse but specific image space information, such as calcified atherosclerotic plaque, can be used to substantially improve the performance of a previously described knowledge-based method to restore the centerlines of femoropopliteal arterial occlusions.

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The diameter of the common femoral artery in healthy human: Influence of sex, age, and body size

Cited by 210 publications

References 17 publications

Calcified structures associated with human skeletal remains: Possible atherosclerosis affecting the population buried at Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC)

Calcified structures associated with human skeletal remains: Possible atherosclerosis affecting the population buried at Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC)

Women, Bleeding, and Coronary Intervention

An improved algorithm for femoropopliteal artery centerline restoration using prior knowledge of shapes and image space data

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