The Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Urban Indonesia: A Brief Report

Sidjaja, Fransisca Febriana; Newcombe, Peter; Irwanto, Irwanto; Sofronoff, Kate

doi:10.1080/1034912x.2016.1162768

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There is relatively little research regarding autism in Indonesia (Febrian Kristiana & Widavant, 2015) and no definitive national picture of how many children in Indonesia are affected by autism (Sakya, Santosa, & Bagus, 2017). This is partly because of differing diagnostic practices, and significant variations in access to opportunities for a diagnosis across such a geographically and culturally diverse nation (Sidjaja & Newcombe, 2016) However, it is certain that there are a large number of children with autism in Indonesia. The main epidemiological study, to date, occurred in Yogokarta, one of the nation's largest cities, and indicated a prevalence of autism (for children born between 1984 and 1991) of 12/10,000 (0.1%) (Wignyosumarto, Mukhlas, & Shirataki, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main epidemiological study, to date, occurred in Yogokarta, one of the nation's largest cities, and indicated a prevalence of autism (for children born between 1984 and 1991) of 12/10,000 (0.1%) (Wignyosumarto, Mukhlas, & Shirataki, 1992). Although this epidemiological research has not been replicated (Riany, Cuskelly, & Meredith, 2016;Sidjaja & Newcombe, 2016), there is some evidence that the diagnosis of autism in Indonesia has subsequently increased (Tucker, 2013). This is in line with recent global reviews, in which rates of autism in children are much higher than previously thought, partly because diagnostic approaches have become more widely used worldwide (Roth, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Indonesian Educators’ Knowledge and Beliefs about Teaching Children with Autism

Budiyanto¹,

Sheehy²,

Kaye³

et al. 2019

AJE

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There is a large number of children with autism who need to be taught within the Indonesian education system. A significant influence on how their needs are perceived are the epistemological and cultural beliefs of teachers. This research is the first to examine these issues in the context of the Indonesian government's intention to develop an inclusive education system. An analysis of 136 questionnaire responses from teachers and educational therapists indicated that although only a minority was aware of, or had been trained in, established autism interventions, children with autism are being taught within Indonesian schools. This included being taught within regular schools. The data suggest that having access to information about autism in the Bahasa Indonesia language plays a role in educators' beliefs about the stigmatization of teachers and parents of autistic children. Teachers' epistemological beliefs were found to be linked to their beliefs in inclusive education. This research suggests that is essential for educational research to acknowledge the influence of the cultural milieu within which inclusive education is being developed. The implications of this research for how the development of inclusive education can be supported within Indonesia are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesian Educators’ Knowledge and Beliefs about Teaching Children with Autism

Budiyanto¹,

Sheehy²,

Kaye³

et al. 2019

AJE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The CARS consist of 15 scales, and each is rated according to a division of 4 points. The 15 scales are: (1) relationship to people; (2) imitation; (3) emotional responses; (4) body; (5) object use; (6) adaptation to changes; (7) visual response; (8) listening response; (9) taste-smell-touch response and use; (10) fear or anxiety; (11) verbal communication; (12) non-verbal communication; (13) activity level; (14) level and consistency of intellectual responses; and (15) general impression [ 24 ]. The CARS is divided into 5 categories, namely communication (items 9 and 12), social interactions (items 1, 3, 6, and 10), psychomotor (items 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 13), intellectual response (item 14), and general impression (item 15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of parental skills-based psychoeducation intervention on parental stress index and severity of children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study

Kalalo

Yuniar

Ariyanto

2021

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Objective Analyzing the effect of psychoeducation on parental stress index and the severity of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods Participants in the study consisted of autism spectrum disorder children and their parents who were divided into 2 groups (treatment = 15 and control group = 20). Participants were given psychoeducation as many as 6 sessions for 14 weeks (7 weeks for each group). Participants were measured for the value of the childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism parenting stress index (APSI) pre-post psychoeducation. Results There were significant differences in the treatment group in terms of total CARS values (40.73 ± 7.17 vs −7.67 ± 4.91; p < 0.001), communications (5.60 ± 1.45 vs −4.73 ± 1.49; p = 0.001), social interactions (10.20 ± 2.18 vs 8.93 ± 2.66; p = 0.011), and psychomotor (18.33 ± 3.96 vs 14.27 ± 3.90; p < 0.001) before and after psychoeducation, whereas there were no significant differences in the control group ( p > 0.05). In the treatment group, there were significant differences in total APSI values (17.33 ± 9.99 vs 12.20 ± 4.02; p = 0.001), social difficulties (8.73 ± 4.60 vs 6.00 ± 4.02; p = 0.002), and physical (4.13 ± 3.54 vs 2.27 ± 2.99; p = 0.013) before and after psychoeducation, while there were no significant differences in behavior ( p = 0.443). There were no significant differences in the control group ( p > 0.05). There was a significant influence between psychoeducation on parental stress index ( p = 0.003) and the severity of children with autism spectrum disorders ( p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a decrease in parental stress index and severity of children with autism spectrum disorders after parental psychoeducation intervention.

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“…There are more than 7.6 million people with ASD accounting for 0.3% of the global burden of disease 5 . On the other hand, the number of ASD in developing countries like Indonesia is not exactly unknown and it is reflected by fewer studies about ASD 6 . The etiology of ASD is diverse, commonly still unknown, and seems to be the result of genetic and environmental interaction 3,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and Neonatal Factors Related With Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case-control study in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia

Nani¹,

Herini²,

Sadewa³

et al. 2019

ATMPH

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Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated mental disorder and the etiology is still unknown. Several studies showed the possibilities of prenatal and neonatal factors becoming risks for ASD. This study aimed to identify the possibilities of risk factors in prenatal and neonatal condition that could be related with ASD.Methods: This research was a case control study in the Banyumas District Area, Province of Central Java, Indonesia. It included 52 children with ASD as the case group and 201 normal children as the control group. Data were collected with demographic tools with questions about prenatal and neonatal factors. Analyzed data used Chi-Square, Fisher Exact tests, and Regression Logistic analyses.Results: This study found that father with active smoking, high-income in socio-economic status, mother with passive smoking during pregnancy, multipara mother, and history of neonatus CPR significantly increased the risk to have children with ASD (p=0.000, OR: 0.256; p=0.000, OR: 3,23; p=0.032; OR:0.490; p=0.019, OR: 2.15; p=0.000; OR:11.760). Other factors such as history of antenatal care, history of gestation complication and newborn weight were not significantly correlated with ASD (p>0.05). Conclusions:Father with active smoking, high income in socio-economic status, mother with passive smoking during pregnancy, multipara mother and history of neonatus CPR were risk factors for ASD.Recommendations: Additional studies are needed to identify the possibilities of other prenatal and postnatal factors in ASD.

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The Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Urban Indonesia: A Brief Report

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Indonesian Educators’ Knowledge and Beliefs about Teaching Children with Autism

Indonesian Educators’ Knowledge and Beliefs about Teaching Children with Autism

Effect of parental skills-based psychoeducation intervention on parental stress index and severity of children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study

Prenatal and Neonatal Factors Related With Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case-control study in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia

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