The Diagnosis and Characteristics of Moderate Dry Eye in Non-Contact Lens Wearers

Narayanan, Srihari; Miller, William L.; Prager, Thomas C.; Jackson, Julie; Leach, Norman E.; McDermott, Alison M.; Christensen, Mike; Bergmanson, Jan P.G.

doi:10.1097/01.icl.0000140907.45705.e2

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These findings are in accordance with current literature, where the poor relationships between ocular signs and dry eye symptoms are criticised. [8][9][10][11]19 However, the use of a composite index might have shown a stronger relationship between staining and dry eye severity, as reported by Sullivan et al 63 The classic tests TMH, NIBUT, and PRTT, as well as the new LIPCOF (nasal and temporal) and LWE tests were significant correlated to dry eye symptoms (Table 2), although these correlations varied in their strengths. The relationship between LWE and dry eye symptoms investigated in this study confirms the findings of Korb et al, 15 where LWE was reported to correlate to symptoms as determined by the total Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…6,7 Correlations between these symptoms and individual clinical dry eye tests, like meibomian gland assessment, tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement, tear break-up time, phenol red thread test, Schirmer test, ocular staining, and ocular hyperaemia, are frequently poor. [8][9][10][11] A combination of tests might improve analysis of dry eye, 9,[12][13][14] but there is no agreement on which combination provides the best results. 11,12 New clinical tests, such as lid-wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) 15 and lidparallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), 13,[16][17][18][19] show promising predictive ability for dry eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between clinical signs and dry eye symptoms

Pult

Purslow

Murphy

2011

Eye

146

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Purpose To evaluate (i) the relationship between traditional and new clinical tests (lid-wiper epitheliopathy (LWE), lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF)) and dry eye symptoms in non-contact lens wearers, and (ii) that a combination of these tests can improve predictive ability for the development of dry eye symptoms. Methods Tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), ocular hyperaemia, LIPCOF, phenol red thread test (PRTT), corneal and conjunctival staining, and LWE grades were observed in a cohort of 47 healthy, non-lens wearers (male ¼ 17, female ¼ 30, median age ¼ 35 years, range ¼ 19-70). Symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results LWE was significantly correlated to both temporal and nasal LIPCOF (0.537or o0.607, Po0.05). LIPCOF and LWE were significantly correlated to NIBUT and PRTT (r4À0.248, Po0.001). Significant correlations were found between NIBUT and TMH (r ¼ 0.461, P ¼ 0.001) and PRTT (r ¼ 0.640, Po0.001). OSDI scores were significant correlated to NIBUT, TMH, PRTT, LIPCOF, and LWE (r4|0.31|; Po0.05). Significant discriminators of OSDI þ /À were NIBUT (area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (AUC) ¼ 0.895), TMH (0.715), PRTT (0.781), LIPCOF (temporal/nasal/Sum 0.748/0.828/0.816), and LWE (0.749). Best predictive ability was achieved by combining NIBUT with nasal LIPCOF (AUC ¼ 0.944). Conclusions The individual tests NIBUT, TMH, PRTT, LIPCOF, and LWE were significantly, but moderately, related to OSDI scores. The strongest relationship appeared by combining NIBUT with nasal LIPCOF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between clinical signs and dry eye symptoms

Pult

Purslow

Murphy

2011

Eye

146

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“…12,23,24 The Texas Eye Research and Technology Center DEQ is a 33-item questionnaire based on the original dry eye questionnaire that adds several components to the original dry eye questionnaire, including 2 questions on the disease effect on QOL. 12,25 The questionnaire has undergone some validity testing and can discriminate between normal patients and patients with moderate dry eyes. Limitations of the questionnaire for measuring QOL in patients with dry eyes include the need for further test–retest reliability testing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, only a small portion of the questionnaire is dedicated to QOL measures. 25 Thus, these 3 questionnaires are fairly limited in their ability to assess the effect of DED on QOL.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Quality of Life Measures in Dry Eye Questionnaires

Grubbs

Tolleson‐Rinehart

Huynh

et al. 2014

Cornea

145

114

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Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) is an ocular disease that affects 5% to 17% of the US population. Because of the negative effects of DED on patients’ quality of life (QOL), disease-specific questionnaires that assess QOL in patients with dry eyes are essential in the monitoring and management of this chronic ocular condition. This review provides clinicians and researchers with a summary of the current questionnaires available for assessing QOL in patients with dry eyes. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed in March 2013. Results There are only 2 validated, reliable dry eye questionnaires with QOL measures currently available for clinic use: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life questionnaire (IDEEL). Multiple other dry eye questionnaires assess some degree of QOL, but they have either not been tested for validity and reliability or are limited in QOL measures they assess. Conclusions The OSDI and IDEEL are validated, reliable disease-specific questionnaires that assess QOL measures in patients with DED. Because of its extensive development process and multiple QOL measures, the IDEEL offers a more thorough assessment of the effect of DED on QOL for clinical trials, whereas the OSDI may be the more convenient option for clinical use as a result of its shorter completion time. Other questionnaires used to assess QOL in DED (eg, 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire and Texas Eye Research and Technology Center DEQ) are fairly limited in this assessment. Finally, because of the negative effects of DED on QOL, this review emphasizes the importance of including QOL measures in future questionnaires for the monitoring and management of DED.

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“…32 While it is accepted that fluorescein staining indicates some level of compromise to the ocular surface epithelia, there continues to be much debate regarding the underlying etiology for the staining. Studies have suggested that loss of tight junction integrity allows deeper penetration and pooling of fluorescein between cells or that the dye is staining dead or damaged cells.…”

Section: Dry Eye Ocular Surface Inflammation and Corneal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Disease and Microbial Keratitis: Is There a Connection?

Narayanan¹,

Redfern²,

Miller³

et al. 2013

The Ocular Surface

Self Cite

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Dry eye is a common ocular surface disease of multifactorial etiology characterized by elevated tear osmolality and inflammation leading to a disrupted ocular surface. The latter is a risk factor for ocular surface infection, yet overt infection is not commonly seen clinically in the typical dry eye patient. This suggests that important innate mechanisms operate to protect the dry eye from invading pathogens. This article reviews the current literature on epidemiology of ocular surface infection in dry eye patients and laboratory-based studies on innate immune mechanisms operating at the ocular surface and their alterations in human dry eye and animal models. The review highlights current understanding of innate immunity in dry eye and identifies gaps in our knowledge to help direct future studies to further unravel the complexities of dry eye disease and its sequelae.

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The Diagnosis and Characteristics of Moderate Dry Eye in Non-Contact Lens Wearers

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

The relationship between clinical signs and dry eye symptoms

The relationship between clinical signs and dry eye symptoms

A Review of Quality of Life Measures in Dry Eye Questionnaires

Dry Eye Disease and Microbial Keratitis: Is There a Connection?

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