The devoted actor’s will to fight and the spiritual dimension of human conflict

Gómez, Ángel; López‐Rodríguez, Lucía; Sheikh, Hammad; Ginges, Jeremy; Wilson, Lydia; Waziri, Hoshang; Vázquez, Alexandra; Davis, Richard E.; Atran, Scott

doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0193-3

Cited by 114 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As we have showed, during the last 5 years the development of fusion‐based research has been steadfast. Lab research has been systematically complemented with field studies conducted with special samples, like hooligans, twins, college fraternity/sorority members, military veterans, political partisans, martial arts practitioners, fighters against the Islamic State or terrorists (e.g., Gómez et al, 2017; Kapitány et al, 2019; Newson et al, 2016; Whitehouse et al, 2017). There is even a behavioral economic experiment that contrasts the effect of fusion on eight different sociocultural groups ranging from foragers and horticulturalists to fully market‐integrated individuals (Purzycki & Lang, 2019).…”

Section: Main Advances and Discoveries Since 2015 For Identity Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In interaction with other variables (e.g., intergroup threat), identity fusion can partly explain many of the sacrifices that individuals make for their groups. However, people do not always sacrifice themselves for their group; sometimes they do it to defend their ideals and sacred values (Gómez et al, 2017). Hence, identity fusion will be especially predictive when self‐sacrificial behavior is group‐oriented, but other variables can outperform fusion in predicting self‐sacrificial behavior if the goal is to protect one's values (Gómez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Misconceptions About Identity Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances, misconceptions, untested assumptions, and future research agenda for identity fusion theory

Gómez

Chinchilla

Vázquez

et al. 2020

Social & Personality Psych

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Just a decade ago, two psychologists, Swann, and Gómez, developed a new theoretical framework to explain extreme pro-group behaviors: identity fusion theory. Identity fusion refers to a visceral feeling of oneness with a group that motivates individuals to do extraordinary self-sacrifices on behalf of the group or each of its members. Since the formulation of the theory, interdisciplinary researchers of the five continents have conducted dozens of studies on identity fusion, both in laboratory and field settings. Research has deepened into the causes, consequences, underlying mechanisms, and applications of identity fusion. The development of fusion-based research has been steadfast and very prolific. Hence, the first section of the current manuscript includes an updated overview of this fast growing literature. This increasing interest for the theory has, however, been accompanied by a series of misconceptions and untested research assumptions, which we address in the second and third sections of the paper, concluding with a final section suggesting a future research agenda. Our aim is to help those interested in knowing more about identity fusion or about the causal mechanisms that lead individuals to risk their life and personal well-being for a group discarding common misconceptions as well as formulating more precise and nuanced hypotheses for future research.

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Section: Main Advances and Discoveries Since 2015 For Identity Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Misconceptions About Identity Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances, misconceptions, untested assumptions, and future research agenda for identity fusion theory

Gómez

Chinchilla

Vázquez

et al. 2020

Social & Personality Psych

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“…The parameter values in different scenarios used in the simulation runs are listed in Table 4. The perceived range PR of agents is 10, T warn ∈ [0.7, 0.9], and T warn time ∈ [8,20]. Figures 3, 6, We can see from (a) to (g) that the number of dead activists increases as R ca increases.…”

Section: Implementation and Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

ACSEE: Antagonistic Crowd Simulation Model With Emotional Contagion and Evolutionary Game Theory

Manocha

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Affective Comput.

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Antagonistic crowd behaviors are often observed in cases of serious conflict. Antagonistic emotions, which is the typical psychological state of agents in different roles (i.e. cops, activists, and civilians) in crowd violent scenes, and the way they spread through contagion in a crowd are important causes of crowd antagonistic behaviors. Moreover, games, which refers to the interaction between opposing groups adopting different strategies to obtain higher benefits and less casualties, determine the level of crowd violence. We present an antagonistic crowd simulation model, ACSEE, which is integrated with antagonistic emotional contagion and evolutionary game theories. Our approach models the antagonistic emotions between agents in different roles using two components: mental emotion and external emotion. We combine enhanced susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) and game approaches to evaluate the role of antagonistic emotional contagion in crowd violence. Our evolutionary game theoretic approach incorporates antagonistic emotional contagion through deterrent force, which is modelled by a mixture of emotional forces and physical forces defeating the opponents. Antagonistic emotional contagion and evolutionary game theories influence each other to determine antagonistic crowd behaviors. We evaluate our approach on real-world scenarios consisting of different kinds of agents. We also compare the simulated crowd behaviors with real-world crowd videos and use our approach to predict the trends of crowd movements in violence incidents. We investigate the impact of various factors (number of agents, emotion, strategy, etc.) on the outcome of crowd violence. We present results from user studies suggesting that our model can simulate antagonistic crowd behaviors similar to those seen in real-world scenarios. IndexTerms-Group violence, emotional contagion, evolutionary game theory ! Chaochao Li is a Ph.D candidate in the School of Information Engineering of Zhengzhou University, China, and his research interest is computer graphics and computer vision. He got his B.S. degree in computer science and technology from the School of Information Engineering of Zhengzhou University. Pei Lv is an associate professor in School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China. His research interests include video analysis and crowd simulation. He received his Ph.D in 2013 from the State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, China. He has authored more than 20 journal and conference papers in these areas, including IEEE TIP, IEEE TCSVT, IEEE TACACM MM, etc.

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“…Other lines of investigation have also focused on extreme behaviours on behalf of a cause, such as research on martyrdom – the psychological readiness to suffer and self‐sacrifice for a cause (e.g., Bélanger, Caouette, Sharvit, & Dugas, ) – or sacred values – values people refuse to trade for material or monetary compensation (Atran, Axelrod, & Davis, ; Tetlock, ). Combining these approaches, the devoted actor model postulates that those who hold certain sacred values and are fused with a group that shares such values will be willing to make exceptionally costly and extreme sacrifices for their beliefs and their group, particularly under threatening conditions (Gómez et al ., ). Moreover, previous research shows that commitment to sacred values and identity fusion are independent predictors of willingness to sacrifice for the ingroup (Atran, Sheikh, & Gómez, ; Sheikh, Gómez, & Atran, ), although they can interact under external threats maximizing such willingness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity fusion predicts endorsement of pro‐group behaviours targeting nationality, religion, or football in Brazilian samples

Bortolini

Newson

Natividade

et al. 2018

British J Social Psychol

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A visceral feeling of oneness with a group - identity fusion - has proven to be a stronger predictor of pro-group behaviours than other measures of group bonding, such as group identification. However, the relationship between identity fusion, other group alignment measures and their different roles in predicting pro-group behaviour is still controversial. Here, we test whether identity fusion is related to, but different from, unidimensional and multidimensional measures of group identification. We also show that identity fusion explains further variance of the endorsement of pro-group behaviour than these alternative measures and examine the structural and discriminant properties of identity fusion and group identification measures in three different contexts: nationality, religion, and football fandom. Finally, we extend the fusion literature to a new culture: Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research explicitly addressing a comparison between these two forms of group alignment, identity fusion and identification with a group, and their role in predicting pro-group behaviours.

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The devoted actor’s will to fight and the spiritual dimension of human conflict

Cited by 114 publications

References 37 publications

Recent advances, misconceptions, untested assumptions, and future research agenda for identity fusion theory

Recent advances, misconceptions, untested assumptions, and future research agenda for identity fusion theory

ACSEE: Antagonistic Crowd Simulation Model With Emotional Contagion and Evolutionary Game Theory

Identity fusion predicts endorsement of pro‐group behaviours targeting nationality, religion, or football in Brazilian samples

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