The developmental origins of adipose tissue

Berry, Daniel C.; Stenesen, Drew; Zeve, Daniel; Graff, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1242/dev.080549

Cited by 261 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Low or null levels of these transcription factors are usually found in preadipocytes, but their expression is increased during adipocyte differentiation (161). The binding of these transcription factors to the promoters of adiposespecific genes results in an increased expression of markers of adipocyte differentiation (19,161). PPAR␥ is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is considered the master regulator of adipogenesis, because all adipogenic factors require the presence of PPAR␥ to promote adipogenesis.…”

Section: Ontogeny and Function Of White Brown And Beige Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Rodrı́guez

Ezquerro

Méndez‐Giménez

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

235

186

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Adipose tissue constitutes an extremely active endocrine organ with a network of signaling pathways enabling the organism to adapt to a wide range of different metabolic challenges, such as starvation, stress, infection, and short periods of gross energy excess. The functional pleiotropism of adipose tissue relies on its ability to synthesize and release a huge variety of hormones, cytokines, complement and growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and vasoactive factors, collectively termed adipokines. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction leading to the onset of several pathologies including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver, or hypertension, among others. The mechanisms underlying the development of obesity and its associated comorbidities include the hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of adipocytes, adipose tissue inflammation, impaired extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis together with an altered secretion of adipokines. Recently, the potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue in the protection against obesity has been also recognized. In contrast to white adipocytes, which store energy in the form of fat, brown and beige fat cells display energy-dissipating capacity through the promotion of triacylglycerol clearance, glucose disposal, and generation of heat for thermogenesis. Identification of the morphological and molecular changes in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue during weight gain is of utmost relevance for the identification of pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. white and brown adipogenesis; fat browning; adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia; adipose tissue inflammation; extracellular matrix remodeling THE ADIPOSE ORGAN REPRESENTS a special loose connective tissue containing adipocytes and several cell types surrounded by capillary and innervation networks (47, 79, 82). Adipocytes comprise ϳ35-70% of adipose mass, and the other cell types found in the stroma-vascular fraction include preadipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages and other immune cells, and endothelial and smooth muscle cells, among others (79). The classical functions of adipose tissue are the storage of energy in the form of triacylglycerols (TG) and as thermal insulator. Adipocytes were formerly classified into two main types: white adipocytes, which store energy in the form of fat, and brown adipocytes, which induce thermogenesis (82). The current classification scheme includes a third category of adipocytes, termed beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes, which can be considered inducible brown-like cells with thermogenic properties (340). Since the identification of leptin in 1994 (359), adipose tissue has emerged as an extremely active endocrine organ that secretes a huge variety of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and vasoactive factors that are collectively termed adipokines (67, 81,235,262). Over the last three decades, overwhelming evidence has proven that adipokines not only influence adipobiol...

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Section: Ontogeny and Function Of White Brown And Beige Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Rodrı́guez

Ezquerro

Méndez‐Giménez

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

235

186

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“…hormone sensitivity) between visceral and subcutaneous fat pads, but also between each specific visceral fat pad. The fact that different adipocyte precursors might determine the development and the function of specific fat pads led to the notion that each WAT depot could be considered a separate mini-organ (Berry et al 2013).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Depot- and sex-specific effects of maternal obesity in offspring’s adipose tissue

Lecoutre

Deracinois

Laborie

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

100

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According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, alterations of nutrient supply in the fetus or neonate result in long-term programming of individual body weight (BW) setpoint. In particular, maternal obesity, excessive nutrition, and accelerated growth in neonates have been shown to sensitize offspring to obesity. The white adipose tissue may represent a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal obesity. In order to unravel the underlying mechanisms, we have developed a rat model of maternal obesity using a high-fat (HF) diet (containing 60% lipids) before and during gestation and lactation. At birth, newborns from obese dams (called HF) were normotrophs. However, HF neonates exhibited a rapid weight gain during lactation, a key period of adipose tissue development in rodents. In males, increased BW at weaning (+30%) persists until 3 months of age. Nine-month-old HF male offspring was normoglycemic but showed mild glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypercorticosteronemia. Despite no difference in BW and energy intake, HF adult male offspring was predisposed to fat accumulation showing increased visceral (gonadal and perirenal) depots weights and hyperleptinemia. However, only perirenal adipose tissue depot exhibited marked adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia with elevated lipogenic (i.e. sterol-regulated element binding protein 1 (Srebp1), fatty acid synthase (Fas), and leptin) and diminished adipogenic (i.e. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-Hds1)) mRNA levels. By contrast, very few metabolic variations were observed in HF female offspring. Thus, maternal obesity and accelerated growth during lactation program offspring for higher adiposity via transcriptional alterations of visceral adipose tissue in a depot-and sex-specific manner.

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“…In contrast with muscles, the developmental processes leading to the formation of mature adipose tissue cells (adipocytes) are poorly understood; however, some recent work has given insights into this process (Billon et al 2008;Berry et al 2013). In general, adipocytes can be divided into two types: white and brown.…”

Section: Evidence For Programming Of Body Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

Sinclair

Rutherford

Wallace

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the 'developmental origins of health and disease' or 'DOHaD' hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems.

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The developmental origins of adipose tissue

Cited by 261 publications

References 117 publications

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Depot- and sex-specific effects of maternal obesity in offspring’s adipose tissue

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

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