The development of the tongue of the domestic goose from 9th to 25th day of incubation as seen by scanning electron microscopy

Abstract

The general development of the tongue in birds was described by Lillie (1908) in chicken. Bryk et al. (1992) also studied the tongue development in chicken and they observed development of the conical papillae of the body. Our study aims to describe the timing of the development of the tongue morphological features in the domestic goose by using SEM methods. The tongue of the domestic goose is characterized by the widest variety of shape of the particular part of the tongue and mechanical papillae. Results indicated that the formation of the apex, body, lingual prominence, and the root of the tongue take place between the 10th and 19th day of incubation. The tongue elongates rapidly between the 16th and 18th day of incubation. Simultaneously, the median groove appears on the body and the lingual prominence and elongates towards the rostral part of the tongue. The conical papillae of the tongue develop gradually. On the body, the conical papillae develop from the caudal part of the body to the rostral part and on the lingual prominence from the median part of the prominence to the lateral part. Hair-like papillae at the caudal surface of the body of the tongue remain primordial to the end of the incubation. Our studies on the morphogenesis of the tongue in the domestic goose revealed changes in shape of the particular part of the tongue and rapid pace of the formation of mechanical papillae. The tongue is completely develop before hatching and ready to collect food.

Morphogenesis of the tongue mucosa in the domestic duck (Anasplatyrhynchos f.domestica)during the late embryonic stages

“…From the 10th day of incubation the apex in the duck is rounded as in goose embryos (Skieresz‐Szewczyk et al, ). Around the 17th day the apex takes a spatula‐like shape as in adult.…”

“…Morphological changes of the embryonic form of the lingual prominence begin at the same time as on the body. About 11th day, similarly as in the goose, the lingual prominence towers over the flat body of the tongue and starts to elongate into the rostral part of the tongue, resulting in the distinct triangular shape, typical of adults (Skieresz‐Szewczyk et al, ). At the same time the lingual comb starts to develop and reaches the same structure as in adult ducks.…”

“…The part of the tongue in the domestic duck, which remains flat and located lower than the lingual prominence for the entire embryonic period, similarly as in the domestic goose, is the root (Skieresz‐Szewczyk et al, ).…”

“…Recently Bryk et al () have described developmental changes in the shape of the chicken tongue focusing on the formation of the conical papillae and have given general information about the process of the tongue morphogenesis. The latest research on tongue development in the domestic goose has provided an accurate description of development for particular parts of the tongue together with morphometric data and showed development of mechanical papillae (Skieresz‐Szewczyk et al, ).…”

Development of mechanical papillae of the tongue in the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica) during the embryonic period

“…The present literature on the embryogenesis of the tongue in birds and development of lingual papillae only provides information concerning the early development of the tongue in the chicken and further differentiation of some morphological structures of the tongue in the chicken, goose, and duck (Lillie 1908; Bryk et al 1992; Skieresz-Szewczyk et al 2012, 2014a, b). …”