The development of the saccus endolymphaticus in Rana temporaria Linné

Abstract

Resumen por la autora, Beatrice Whiteside.El desarrollo del sac0 eildolinfjtico de Rana temporaria LinnB.Este trabajo trata del desarrollo del sac0 endolinffitico de la rana desde la 6poca en que aparece esta estructura hasta que adquiere la forma hallada en el adulto. La autora ha escojido la raiia porque cn este animal el sac0 es mfis grande y complicado de forma que en cuslquier otro vertebrado investigado hasta el presente. La primera parte del trabajo consiste en una descripcidn de 10s estados sucesivos del desarrollo con especial referencia a la histologia de la estructura mencionada y a su situactihn respecto a Ins meninges espinales. Despues pass a describir la topografia e histologia del drgano despu6s de haber completado su desarrollo. La segunda parte del trabajo estfi dedicada a una descripcibn de la cstrcutrua anat6mica clel sac0 en todas las clases de 10s vertebrados.l'ranslatioii by Joe6 F. h'onidcs Corriell >ltdiral College, hew York

The role of mineralized tissue in the buffering of lactic acid during anoxia and exercise in the leopard frogRana pipiens

“…We assessed the skeletal contribution as sources of chemical buffering by measuring the concentrations of their major ionic constituents in plasma. Because it was easy to dissect rapidly, we sampled the entire frog auditory capsule, a part of the skull that encloses the membranous labyrinth and a portion of the endolymphatic sac ( Fig.·1; Whiteside, 1922). The mineral compositions of femur and auditory capsule were analyzed for comparisons with bone of other vertebrates.…”

“…The large CaCO 3 deposits in our analysis of auditory capsule are also consistent with the earliest descriptions of the endolymphatic lime deposits (Dempster, 1930;Whiteside, 1922) and indicate that we succeeded in sampling them with our protocol. This verification is important because (1) our sampling included the dermal bone encapsulating a portion of the endolymphatic lime sac, and (2) we used the same sampling technique in our lactate analyses after anoxia and exercise.…”

“…The resultant carbon dioxide from this chemical reaction diffuses into the surrounding water while the remaining calcium accumulates in the extracellular fluid and can reach high concentrations, especially at 3°C after 3 months of anoxic submergence in painted turtles (~100·mequiv·l -1 ; Jackson, 2002). Anuran amphibians also possess significant calcium carbonate deposits in their endolymphatic system (Whiteside, 1922). Although restricted to the inner ear in most vertebrates, this system is large and extends down the length of the vertebral column in anuran amphibians.…”

Hormonal Control of Ca Homeostasis in Lower Vertebrates: Considering the Evolution

“…The lime sac is a kind of aggregate composed of many small bags formed by thin single-layer membrane. The origin of the lime sac is the endolymphatic sac of the auditory bulla (Whiteside, 1922).…”

Exceptionally preserved tadpoles from the Miocene of Libros, Spain: ecomorphological reconstruction and the impact of ontogeny upon taphonomy

“…In ranid tadpoles, the endolymphatic sac extends along the entire length of the nerve cord (Kawamata et al. 1987) and, in the cranium, diverges into two irregularly shaped diverticula; one marginal to and either side of the brain (Whiteside 1922; see plate 1 in Pilkington & Simkiss 1966). This distribution, however, does not correspond to that of the calcium carbonate in the Libros tadpoles.…”