The Development of Prosociality from Adolescence to Early Adulthood: The Role of Effortful Control

Kanacri, Bernadette Paula Luengo; Pastorelli, Concetta; Eisenberg, Nancy; Zuffianò, Antonio; Caprara, Gian Vittorio

doi:10.1111/jopy.12001

Cited by 105 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Kochanska et al (1997) show strong links between IC and multiple, diverse measures of children's conscience at early school age, including observations of moral conduct, moral cognition, and moral self in toddler and early school age. The present result that EfC seems to suppress Ego is consistent with the result of Luengo Kanacri et al (2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Relations between Temperament and Metacognition and Frames of Reference in Behaviors in Public Situations in Early and Middle Adolescence: An Analysis of Age Stages

2018

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We conducted a questionnaire survey using a cross-sectional sample of early and middle adolescents aged 10-15 (n = 351) in order to investigate relationships between temperament, metacognition, and frames of reference in behaviors in public situations. The sample was divided into two groups by age (ear group: 10-12; middle-adolescence group: 13-15) and were analyzed by Multiple Group Structural Equation Modeling. Explanatory variables were four components of temperament [effortful control (EfC), affiliativeness (Afil), surgency (Sur), and negative affect (NgA)] and metacognition. Objective variables were three components of frames of reference in behaviors in public situations [egocentrism (Ego), neighborhood evaluation (Nei), and public values (Pub)]. In both age groups, EfC had a negative effect on Ego, and Sur had a negative effect on Nei. However, only in the middle-adolescence group did Afil and NgA have significant effects on Pub. Meanwhile, metacognition in the ear group had a positive effect on Ego and Nei, but these relations disappeared in the middle-adolescence group, and only in the middle-adolescence group did metacognition have a positive effect on Pub. We discuss frames of reference in behaviors in public situations from the viewpoint of the development of social cognition in early and middle adolescence in relation to temperament and metacognition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…EfC is associated with the development of the prefrontal cortex (e.g., Gulley et al, 2016). It is reported that EfC-being able to regulate one's own emotions and behaviors-in early adolescence may positively influence one's prosocial behavior and negatively affect the self-centered tendencies observed in adolescence (Luengo Kanacri et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between Temperament and Metacognition and Frames of Reference in Behaviors in Public Situations in Early and Middle Adolescence: An Analysis of Age Stages

2018

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“…Moreover, women also had a more positive quadratic trajectory and caught up with men’s levels of community service by age 26. The reasons for these different patterns are unclear, but these results conflict with closely related research on prosocial behavior showing females start and remain higher on prosocial behavior across young adulthood (Luengo Kanacri et al, 2013). Youth who reported no college plans experienced less decline than average after high school; this pattern is unexpected based on prior research, but could be due to the low starting level at age 18.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Insofar as successive cohorts of youth increasingly experience delay in social roles, this pattern should be particularly true for more recent cohorts. The expected curvilinear pattern of decline with subsequent increase in young adulthood has been found with social trust and prosociality (Jennings & Stoker, 2004; Luengo Kanacri et al, 2013), which are associated with community service. This pattern may be particularly true for recent cohorts, who experience more delays in social roles (Settersten & Ray, 2010).…”

Section: Community Service During the Transition To Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 95%

The developmental course of community service across the transition to adulthood in a national U.S. sample.

Wray‐Lake¹,

Schulenberg²,

Keyes³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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Despite the potential importance of community service for the well-being of individuals and communities, relatively little is known about the developmental course of community service during the transition to adulthood (TTA). Our study tested competing hypotheses about change in community service across the TTA by estimating latent growth models from ages 18 to 26 in a nationally representative sample. We situated youth community service participation in historical context by testing for cohort differences in community service, and we examined differences in developmental trajectories by socioeconomic status, gender, grades, religiosity, race/ethnicity, college expectations, and college degree attainment. Using Monitoring the Future data from 1976 to 2011, we found that the best-fitting latent growth model for community service was quadratic: Community service declined from age 18 to 24 and leveled off thereafter. Cohort differences in intercepts indicated that age 18 community service increased over historical time; developmental declines in community service were consistent over the four decades. Parent education predicted higher community service at age 18, but did not predict growth parameters. Community service trajectories varied by gender, high school grades, religiosity, and educational attainment, although all groups declined. Overall, findings contribute to civic developmental theory by clarifying age and cohort effects in community service. Rising levels of community service at age 18 may reflect increased focused on service in high schools, yet these increases do not mitigate the decline across the TTA.

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“…For example, by inhibiting a dominant, maladaptive response to harm done (e.g., avoidance), children may activate a subdominant, adaptive response (reparation in this case; see Eisenberg, 2005). However, despite numerous studies linking effortful control to prosocial behavior in general (e.g., Diener & Kim, 2004;Eisenberg et al, 1996;Kochanska, Barry, Jimenez, Hollatz, & Woodard, 2009;Luengo Kanacri, Pastorelli, Eisenberg, Zuffianò, & Caprara, 2013), only one study to date has documented a positive relation between inhibitory control and reparation in early childhood (see Kochanska et al, 1994). In this cross-sectional study, Kochanska and colleagues (1994) collected maternal and paternal reports of 171 21-to 70-month-old children and found that inhibitory control was positively associated with reparation after wrongdoing.…”

Section: Inhibitory Control and Reparative Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Control and Moral Emotions: Relations to Reparation in Early and Middle Childhood

Colasante

Zuffianò

Bae

et al. 2014

The Journal of Genetic Psychology

Self Cite

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This study examined links between inhibitory control, moral emotions (sympathy and guilt), and reparative behavior in an ethnically diverse sample of 4- and 8-year-olds (N = 162). Caregivers reported their children's reparative behavior, inhibitory control, and moral emotions through a questionnaire, and children reported their guilt feelings in response to a series of vignettes depicting moral transgressions. A hypothesized meditation model was tested with inhibitory control relating to reparative behavior through sympathy and guilt. In support of this model, results revealed that high levels of inhibitory control were associated with high levels of reparative behavior through high levels of sympathy and guilt. However, the mediation of inhibitory control to reparation through guilt was significant for 4-year-olds only. Results are discussed in relation to the temperamental, regulatory, and affective-moral precursors of reparative behavior in early and middle childhood

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The Development of Prosociality from Adolescence to Early Adulthood: The Role of Effortful Control

Abstract: Being able to regulate one's own emotions and behaviors in early adolescence may not only affect the tendency to behave prosocially, but also counter the self-centered tendencies observed across this phase of development.

Cited by 105 publications

References 74 publications

Relations between Temperament and Metacognition and Frames of Reference in Behaviors in Public Situations in Early and Middle Adolescence: An Analysis of Age Stages

Relations between Temperament and Metacognition and Frames of Reference in Behaviors in Public Situations in Early and Middle Adolescence: An Analysis of Age Stages

The developmental course of community service across the transition to adulthood in a national U.S. sample.

Inhibitory Control and Moral Emotions: Relations to Reparation in Early and Middle Childhood

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