The development of optimal ingot heating patterns in soaking pits

Recent development in large-scale systems research in China

“…They have made outstanding achievements in many industrial fields such as petroleum refinery [31,32], steel billet heating furnace [33], slab or ingot handling process [34], continuous casting process of steel mill [35], coke oven battery of iron and steel complex [36], chemical fertilizer production process [37], and so on. Some cases will be given in detail in next section.…”