The development of miniature tensile specimens with non-standard aspect and slimness ratios for rapid alloy prototyping processes

Zhang, Lintao; Harrison, W. J.; Yar, Mazher Ahmed; Brown, S. G. R.; Lavery, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.029

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The gauge lengths for Mini1 and Mini2 are 10 and 5 mm, respectively. These five tensile test specimens’ dimensions are identical to our previous research [ 8 ]. All the specimens have the same thickness (1.2 mm) as they were manufactured from a final rolled strip from the plant.…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…

, and m are material constants. For this work, the tests were conducted at room temperature, and, according to previous research [ 8 , 18 ], DP800 steel is not a strain rate-sensitive material within the strain rate range of the current experiment. Therefore, Equation (1) can be modified as follows:

…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… ( a ) Standard [ 7 ] and ( b ) non-standard [ 8 ] tensile specimens and the strips ( c , d ) obtained from the rapid alloy prototyping routine. The miniaturised non-standard tensile specimen is a better choice due to the limited amount of rapid alloy prototyping materials.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the validities of the outcomes obtained from the designed miniaturised non-standard bars, tensile tests were conducted. The yield strength, tensile strength, uniform elongation, and total/fracture elongation can be compared directly [ 8 ]. However, the post-necking behaviour usually cannot be easily observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size Effect on the Post-Necking Behaviour of Dual-Phase 800 Steel: Modelling and Experiment

et al. 2023

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This work investigated the feasibility of using a miniaturised non-standard tensile specimen to predict the post-necking behaviour of the materials manufactured via a rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) approach. The experimental work focused on the determination of the Lankford coefficients (r-value) of dual-phase 800 (DP800) steel and the digital image correlation (DIC) for some cases, which were used to help calibrate the damage model parameters of DP800 steel. The three-dimensional numerical simulations focused on the influence of the size effect (aspect ratio, AR) on the post-necking behaviour, such as the strain/stress/triaxiality evolutions, fracture angles, and necking mode transitions. The modelling showed that although a good correlation can be found between the predicted and experimentally observed ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and total elongation. The standard tensile specimen with a gauge length of 80 mm exhibited a fracture angle of ∼55°, whereas the smaller miniaturised non-standard specimens with low ARs exhibited fractures perpendicular to the loading direction. This shows that care must be taken when comparing the post-necking behaviour of small-scale tensile tests, such as those completed as a part of a RAP approach, to the post-necking behaviours of standard full-size test specimens. However, the modelling work showed that this behaviour is well represented, demonstrating a transition between the fracture angles of the samples between 2.5 and 5. This provides more confidence in understanding the post-necking behaviour of small-scale tensile tests.

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Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…

…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size Effect on the Post-Necking Behaviour of Dual-Phase 800 Steel: Modelling and Experiment

et al. 2023

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“…Together with fracture toughness at quasistatic loading conditions or impact toughness, these characteristics are considered to be the basic mechanical properties of the material, and they are most often included in regulations for structural steels. The mechanical properties of steels are dependent not only on intrinsic microstructural features, such as the grain size and structure of the precipitated particles [1][2][3][4], but also on extrinsic testing conditions, such as strain rate [5,6], specimen geometry and size [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13], and temperature [14][15][16]. Therefore, testing conditions and the geometry and dimensions of specimens are regulated by standards [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specimen Size Effect on the Tensile Properties of Rolled Steel of Long-Term-Operated Portal Crane

et al. 2023

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This paper presents the research results on the mechanical behavior of the low-carbon rolled steel of a sea portal crane after a 33-year operation depending on the operational stresses and rolling direction in order to assess its serviceability. The tensile properties of steels were investigated using rectangular cross-section specimens with different thicknesses and the same width. Strength indicators were slightly dependent on the considered factors (operational conditions, the cutting direction, and thickness of specimens). However, a clear trend of higher ultimate strength for thinner specimens was noticed, especially in the case of more brittle material due to its operational degradation. Plasticity of the tested steel specimens was more sensitive to the influence of the above-mentioned factors than strength but less sensitive than impact toughness. Uniform elongation was slightly less for thinner specimens regardless of the investigated steel state or the orientation of specimens relative to the rolling direction. The post-necking elongation was lower for transversal specimens compared with longitudinal ones, and the effect was more significant when testing steel with the lowest brittle fracture resistance. Among the tensile properties, non-uniform elongation was demonstrated to be the most effective for assessing the operational changes in the state of rolled steels.

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The Cold Angular Rolling Process of Copper Sheets: Unraveling Plastic Deformation Behavior and Unveiling Microstructural Transformations

Lee,

Bhatta,

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The cold angular rolling process (CARP) is being developed as a continuous severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique, which can process metal sheets without any length limitations at room temperature. CARP contains cold rolling and equal‐channel angular process components. The sheet thickness is kept consistent before and after CARP, allowing multiple passes of the sheet. The desired microstructure and mechanical properties can be achieved in the processed metallic sheets. The current study is aimed to evaluate the capability of CARP by processing copper sheets with different sheet widths for repetitive passes. The CARP‐treated sheets are examined by lab‐scale X‐ray and high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray diffraction to investigate the evolution in dislocation density, texture, and strain anisotropy, and by tensile testing to identify the bulk mechanical properties. The digital image correlation (DIC) method is applied to tensile testing so that strain localization within the sample gauge was visualized and deformation behavior was evaluated after yielding till post‐necking by estimating the hardening exponent and strain hardening rate of the CARP‐treated sheet. Comparing the reported continuous and multiple‐step processes on Cu and its alloys, the present study confirms CARP is potentially a useful sheet process for strengthening ductile metals.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The development of miniature tensile specimens with non-standard aspect and slimness ratios for rapid alloy prototyping processes

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Size Effect on the Post-Necking Behaviour of Dual-Phase 800 Steel: Modelling and Experiment

Size Effect on the Post-Necking Behaviour of Dual-Phase 800 Steel: Modelling and Experiment

Specimen Size Effect on the Tensile Properties of Rolled Steel of Long-Term-Operated Portal Crane

The Cold Angular Rolling Process of Copper Sheets: Unraveling Plastic Deformation Behavior and Unveiling Microstructural Transformations

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