The development of identified neurosecretory cells in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Westbrook, Anne L.; Bollenbacher, Walter E.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(90)90079-x

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Morphologically the PG-LP are very interesting, since they show both similarity and a striking difference to the PTTHproducing L-NSC III of Bombyx and Manduca (O'Brien et al, 1988;Westbrook and Bollenbacher, 1990). The PG-LP share with the L-NSC III the number of cells, the position, the dense collateral fibers along the axon, and the remarkable contralateral projection pattern.…”

Section: Regulation Of Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone Titersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Innervation of the ring gland ofDrosophila melanogaster

2001

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In insects, peptidergic neurons of the central nervous system regulate the synthesis of the main developmental hormones. Neuropeptides involved in this neuroendocrine cascade have been identified in lepidopterans and dictyopterans. Since these organisms are not suitable for genetic research, we identified peptidergic brain neurons innervating the ring gland in Drosophila melanogaster. In larvae of Drosophila, ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones are produced by the ring gland, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiaca. Using the GAL4 enhancer trap system, we mapped those neurons of the central nervous system that innervate the ring gland. Eleven groups of neurosecretory neurons and their target tissues were identified. Five neurons of the lateral protocerebrum directly innervate the prothoracic gland or corpus allatum cells of the ring gland and are believed to regulate ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers. Axons of the circadian pacemaker neurons project onto dendritic fields of these five neurons. This connection might be the neuronal substrate of the circadian rhythms of molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila. Most of the neurons presented here have not been described before. The enhancer trap lines labeling them will be valuable tools for the analysis of neuronal as well as genetic regulation in insect development.

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Section: Regulation Of Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone Titersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Innervation of the ring gland ofDrosophila melanogaster

2001

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“…Axon tracts that funnel PTTH (and other factors) directly to the PTG stem from the ventral nerve cord (prothorax! ); in addition, PTTH-secreting NSCs are located in the PI, send their axons through the NCCI to the CA where they release PTTH into the hemolymph (Westbrook & Bollenbacher 1990, Dai et al 1995, Aizono et al 1997.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine System Of Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroendocrine system of invertebrates: a developmental and evolutionary perspective

Hartenstein¹

2006

Journal of Endocrinology

247

216

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Neuroendocrine control mechanisms are observed in all animals that possess a nervous system. Recent analyses of neuroendocrine functions in invertebrate model systems reveal a great degree of similarity between phyla as far apart as nematodes, arthropods, and chordates. Developmental studies that emphasize the comparison between different animal groups will help to shed light on questions regarding the evolutionary origin and possible homologies between neuroendocrine systems. This review intends to provide a brief overview of invertebrate neuroendocrine systems and to discuss aspects of their development that appear to be conserved between insects and vertebrates.

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“…While the control of synthesis and release of ecdysteroid from PG by PTTH has been well documented (Bollenbacher et al, 1979(Bollenbacher et al, , 1984Westbrook and Bollenbacher, 1990;Nagasawa et al, 1990;Kelly et al, 1991), little is known about the hormones which control ecdysteroid synthesis/release from other tissues, including testes. While PGs are present and active in larval and pupal stages, there are peptides other than PTTH in pupal brain extracts which stimulated ecdysteroid production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…While synthesis and release of ecdysteroids in the PG is regulated by release of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) from the brain in Manduca sexta (Bollenbacher et al, 1979(Bollenbacher et al, , 1984Bollenbacher and Granger, 1985;Westbrook and Bollenbacher, 1990), Bombyx mori (Nagasawa et al, 1984(Nagasawa et al, , 1990, and L. dispar (Masler et al, 1986;Kelly et al, 1991), low molecular weight ecdysiotropins which stimulate the prothoracic glands have been identified in eggs, hindgut, and hemolymph of O. nubilalis and/or L. dispar (Gelman et al, 1991Kelly et al, 1995;Gelman and Bell, 1995), and compounds which are ecdysiostatic to PGs have been found in C. vicina (Hua and Koolman, 1995). More recently, peptides have been identified from the brains of L. dispar and H. virescens which appear to stimulate synthesis and release of ecdysteroids by testes of immature insects (Loeb et al, 1987(Loeb et al, , 1994bLoeb, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%