The development of genital glands and the origin of germ cells in human embryogenesis

Falin, L. I.

doi:10.1159/000143248

Cited by 54 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…At this time, PGCs are seen to penetrate the mesenchyme surrounding the gut epithelium through breaks in the basal lamina. In the 5-weekold embryo, PGCs reach the dorsal mesentery and continue to move laterally around both sides of the coelomic angle, pass beyond the primitive mesonephros bodies, and eventually enter the GRs [ 16,17,[76][77][78] (Fig. 2.2b ).…”

Section: Migration Of Human Pgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Migration, and Proliferation of Human Primordial Germ Cells

Felici

2012

Oogenesis

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The fi rst histological observations about the origin of the precursors of gametes termed primordial germ cells (PGCs) in extragonadal regions and their subsequent migration into the developing gonads in human embryos date back to the early twentieth century. Fuss (Anat Am 39:407-409, 1911, Anat EntwMech 81:1-23, 1912 and Felix (Die Entwicklung der Harn-und Geschlechtsorgane. In: Keibel-Mall Handbuch der 1qEntwick-lungageschichte des Menshen, vol 2. Leipzig, Hirzel, pp 732-955, 1911) were apparently the fi rst ones to describe the extragonadal location of PGCs in human embryos. In the youngest, 2.5 mm long, embryo examined (23-26 days postfertilization), These authors described PGCs in the endoderm of the yolk sac wall as cells identi fi able by their large size and spherical shape. Subsequently, Politzer (Z Anat Entw Gesch 87: 766-80, 1928, Z Anat Entw Gesch 93:386-428, 1930, Z Anat EntwGesch 100:331-336, 1933 and Witschi (Contr Embryol Carnegie Inst 209:67-80, 1948) studied the distribution of PGCs in a considerable number of embryos from presomite stages (0.3-0.8 mm, about 3 weeks) to 8.5 mm (5 weeks). Both authors described the migration of PGCs from the yolk sac to the developing gonads. Following a hot debate, it is now generally accepted that after their arrival into the gonadal anlage, PGCs give rise to the oogonia/oocytes and gonocytes (or prespermatogonia) in the embryonic ovary and testis, respectively. These germ cells enter a complex series of events that in the

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Section: Migration Of Human Pgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Migration, and Proliferation of Human Primordial Germ Cells

Felici

2012

Oogenesis

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“…These reports, however, dealt mostly with primordial germ cells that were left behind at various sites along their migratory path and thus failed to attain the gonadal folds; the observation of germinal cells in sites far removed from the gonads, i.e., the true ectopic phenomenon, was reported only by Falin (1969). In any case, in none of these studies were attempts made to monitor the fate of the extragonadal germinal cells in sequential stages of development, probably because it was believed then that outside the gonads their potential for survival and differentiation was nil (Witschi, 1948;Chiquoine, 1954;Brambell, 1965;Chretien 1966;Hardisty, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germinal cell ectopism in the strepsirhine prosimian Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus

Yoshinaga

Hess

Hendrickx³

et al. 1990

Am. J. Anat.

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The presence of germinal cells outside of the embryonal and fetal gonads of the strepsirhine prosimian Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus is described. Forty-three embryos and fetuses from day 26 or 27 of gestational age to near term were studied: more than 90% possessed germinal cells in ectopic sites situated either far from (extragonadal ectopism) or close to the gonads (perigonadal ectopism). The first sites were the walls of the aorta and mesenteric artery, the stroma between the aorta and the cardinal vein, and the retroperitoneal neuroganglia. The second were the mesenchyme dorsal to the gonads and around the vestigia of the mesonephric glomeruli and tubules, and the rete ovarii and testis. The ectopic cells were generally present in conscpicuous numbers, in some animals being more numerous than in the gonads. Those situated far from the gonads underwent degeneration and decreased significantly in numbers during post-embryonal stages of development, while the others remained numerous and functionally active up to near term. While the differentiation of the extragonadal germinal cells after day 60 of gestational age could not be studied due to technical difficulties, the XX and XY cells in perigonadal sites appeared to follow patterns of differentiation identical to those of their entopic counterparts.

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“…These cells are set aside to an extra-embryonic location early during embryonic development, and migrate to the area where the genital ridge will be formed around weeks 5 and 6 of human development . Subsequently, the gonads and sexual differentiation occur in weeks 6 and 7 (Falin, 1969). Between weeks 7 and 9 during ovarian development (referred to as prefollicular stage) the germ cells (oogonia) and granulosa cells characteristically arrange in cords and sheets without specific organization (Gondos, 1985).…”

Section: Aims Of the Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and Malignant Germ Cell Development

Honecker

2006

Crit Rev Oncog

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The development of genital glands and the origin of germ cells in human embryogenesis

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Origin, Migration, and Proliferation of Human Primordial Germ Cells

Origin, Migration, and Proliferation of Human Primordial Germ Cells

Germinal cell ectopism in the strepsirhine prosimian Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus

Normal and Malignant Germ Cell Development

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