The Development of Chloroplast Structure During Leaf Ontogeny

Kutík, J.

doi:10.1023/a:1006940421476

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The phenyloplasts arise following re-differentiation of chloroplasts resulting in loss of their Chl content and photosynthetic abilities, and gain of the ability to store high concentrations of phenylpropanoid-derived glucosides ( Brillouet et al 2013 , Brillouet et al 2014 ). Re-differentiation of chloroplasts to different storage plastids is a well-known phenomenon ( Weier 1936 , Leyon 1953 , Kutik 1998 ). Leucoplasts are colorless plastids that function as storage organelles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Intracellular Localization of the Vanillin Biosynthetic Machinery in Pods of Vanilla planifolia

Gallage

Jørgensen

Janfelt

et al. 2017

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Vanillin is the most important flavor compound in the vanilla pod. Vanilla planifolia vanillin synthase (VpVAN) catalyzes the conversion of ferulic acid and ferulic acid glucoside into vanillin and vanillin glucoside, respectively. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) of vanilla pod sections demonstrates that vanillin glucoside is preferentially localized within the mesocarp and placental laminae whereas vanillin is preferentially localized within the mesocarp. VpVAN is present as the mature form (25 kDa) but, depending on the tissue and isolation procedure, small amounts of the immature unprocessed form (40 kDa) and putative oligomers (50, 75 and 100 kDa) may be observed by immunoblotting using an antibody specific to the C-terminal sequence of VpVAN. The VpVAN protein is localized within chloroplasts and re-differentiated chloroplasts termed phenyloplasts, as monitored during the process of pod development. Isolated chloroplasts were shown to convert [14C]phenylalanine and [14C]cinnamic acid into [14C]vanillin glucoside, indicating that the entire vanillin de novo biosynthetic machinery converting phenylalanine to vanillin glucoside is present in the chloroplast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young chromoplasts are metabolically active but contain fewer DNA copies than chloroplasts. Gerontoplasts are known to be the last ontogeny stage of chloroplasts, and these plastids no longer harbor functional DNA ( Sitte 1977 , Kutik 1998 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intracellular Localization of the Vanillin Biosynthetic Machinery in Pods of Vanilla planifolia

Gallage

Jørgensen

Janfelt

et al. 2017

Plant and Cell Physiology

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“…Structural diversity of thylakoid membranes and stoichiometric control of the two photosystems are recognised as photosynthetic acclimation (Walters and Horton , Kutík ). Morphological observations of numerous plant types show that leaf ontogeny and the light environment are the primary factors that affect thylakoid variation, and subsequent studies mostly focused on the linkage between light condition and thylakoid structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of structural variation in thylakoid membranes in maintaining functional photosystems during reproductive growth

Nozue

Oono

Ichikawa

et al. 2016

Physiologia Plantarum

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Structural variation in the stroma-grana (SG) arrangement of the thylakoid membranes, such as changes in the thickness of the grana stacks and in the ratio between grana and inter-grana thylakoid, is often observed. Broadly, such alterations are considered acclimation to changes in growth and the environment. However, the relation of thylakoid morphology to plant growth and photosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we report changes in the thylakoid during leaf development under a fixed light condition. Histological studies on the chloroplasts of fresh green Arabidopsis leaves have shown that characteristically shaped thylakoid membranes lacking the inter-grana region, referred to hereafter as isolated-grana (IG), occurred adjacent to highly ordered, large grana layers. This morphology was restored to conventional SG thylakoid membranes with the removal of bolting stems from reproductive plants. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between the incidences of IG-type chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and the rates of leaf growth. Fluorescence parameters calculated from pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry measurements and CO assimilation data showed that the IG thylakoids had a photosynthetic ability that was equivalent to that of the SG thylakoids under moderate light. However, clear differences were observed in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. The IG thylakoids were apparently an acclimated phenotype to the internal condition of source leaves. The idea is supported by the fact that the life span of the IG thylakoids increased significantly in the later developing leaves. In conclusion, the heterogeneous state of thylakoid membranes is likely important in maintaining photosynthesis during the reproductive phase of growth.

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“…Lipid and protein storage inside the chloroplasts could support plants' fatty acid regulation, unsaturation and mobilization in response to the stress caused by biotic interactions, especially due to the presence of plastoglobulin among its proteins [111,113]. Although higher plastoglobuli content in chloroplasts could be linked to plant senescence [114], this may not be the case of these Amaranthaceae plants because all leaf samples were visually healthy and green when collected. In G. hermogenesii leaves which were infected for some sort of septate endophytic organism (figure 8), when compared with non-infected leaves (figure 8), plastoglobuli were reduced in size, which suggests a mobilization of its content due to the interaction with this microorganism.…”

Section: Leaf Structurementioning

confidence: 99%