RESUMO -(Verniz vitral incolor 500® : uma alternativa de meio de montagem economicamente viável). Há diferentes meios de montagem comercializados a preço relativamente alto para a produção de lâminas permanentes de tecidos vegetais corados. Esses meios endurecem à medida que secam e possibilitam a manutenção do material botânico em boas condições de conservação por tempo indeterminado. Os meios de montagem mais utilizados em anatomia vegetal são: Bálsamo-do-canadá, Euparal ® , Entellan ® e Permount ® . Visando a redução dos custos de produção de lâminas permanentes para anatomia vegetal, foram testados meios alternativos, produzidos por empresas brasileiras, principalmente para uso em artesanato. Entre os diferentes meios sintéticos testados, o verniz vitral incolor 500 ® demonstrou propriedades compatíveis para o uso eficiente como meio de montagem, em substituição às resinas sintéticas importadas, com custo baixo e sem alteração do processo rotineiro de trabalho. O verniz vitral incolor 500® permitiu a montagem de lâminas permanentes com órgãos seccionados a mão livre ou em micrótomo rotatório, após o emblocamento em parafina ou historresina, mantendo inalteradas as características dos materiais vegetais e da coloração. Os resultados evidenciaram que os meios de montagem tradicionais podem ser substituídos pelo verniz vitral incolor 500 ® , sem comprometimento da qualidade das lâminas. Palavras-chave : verniz vitral incolor 500® , meio de montagem, anatomia vegetal, resina sintética ABSTRACT -(Verniz vitral incolor 500® : a mounting medium alternative and economically viable). There are different imported mounting mediuns commercialized at a relative high price for producing permanent slides of stained plant sections. These mounting mediuns become harder as they dry and preserve the good conditions of the plant material for indetermined time. The most used mouting mediuns to plant anatomy are: Canada balsam, Euparal ® , Entellan ® and Permount ® . Aiming to reduce costs of producing permanent plant anatomy slides, alternative mediuns produced by brazilian industries, used mostly in artesanal work, were tested. Among the different synthetic mediuns tested, the verniz vitral incolor 500 ® showed properties compatible to be used as an efficient mounting medium, in substitution to the imported synthetic resins, at a lower cost and without alterations in the routine process. The verniz vitral incolor 500 ® allowed the production of permanent slides with plant organs sectioned hand free as well in rotatory microtome, after paraffin or historesin embedding, keeping unaltered the tissue and color charactheristics. The results showed that the tradicional resins can be replaced by the verniz vitral incolor 500 ® , not compromising the quality of the slides.
Abstract:The Amaranthaceae family is composed of 2,360 species of which 145 are found in Brazilian vegetation. About 94 species of this family subsist in different phytofisionomies of the Cerrado Biome (a savanna-like vegetation) and 27 species are cited in Brazilian regional lists of endangered species. This work aimed to inventory and to study the leaf anatomy and morphology of the Amaranthaceae species found in one Conservation Area in Alto Paraíso, GO, relating them to the species' photosynthetic metabolism. It was found one subshrub species (Pfaffia townsendii) and five herbaceous species (Froelichiella grisea, Gomphrena hermogenesii, G. lanigera, G. prostrata and P. gnaphalioides), most of them showing pirophytic and anemocoric behavior and well developed subterraneous systems associated with leaf amphistomy. The Kranz anatomy was verified in three species (all Gomphrena genus), which indicates the C 4 pathway of photosynthesis. Two species are endemic of the area (Chapada dos Veadeiros) and two are considered endangered species. The anatomy and morphology aspects are discussed in relation to the species habit, ecological behavior, life span of the aerial organs and functional data. The results indicate the Amaranthaceae importance as biodiversity indicator of open vegetation areas of Cerrado and the necessity of further research in Chapada dos Veadeiros, which has the potential to register new plant species, including endemic ones, since this work displays the seasonal behavior of some dicotyledonean herbaceous species and the difficulties to locate, identify and collect them. Resumo: A família Amaranthaceae é formada por cerca de 2.360 espécies, 145 delas encontradas no Brasil. Cerca de 94 espécies da família subsistem em diversas fitofisionomias do Bioma Cerrado e 27 espécies aparecem em listas regionais de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi inventariar e estudar a anatomia foliar e a morfologia de espécies da família Amaranthaceae de uma Unidade de Conservação de Alto Paraíso, GO, relacionando-as ao metabolismo fotossintético. Foram localizadas uma espécie de hábito subarbustivo (Pfaffia townsendii) e cinco espécies herbáceas (Froelichiella grisea, Gomphrena hermogenesii, G. lanigera, G. prostrata e P. gnaphalioides), a maioria demonstrando comportamento pirofítico e anemocoria, bem como sistemas subterrâneos bem desenvolvidos associados com anfiestomia foliar. A anatomia Kranz foi caracterizada em três espécies (todas do gênero Gomphrena), indicando o metabolismo fotossintético C 4 . Duas espécies são endêmicas da área e duas espécies são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção. Aspectos de anatomia e morfologia são discutidos em relação ao hábito das espécies, comportamento ecológico, duração das porções aéreas e significado funcional. Os dados demonstram a importância da família como indicadora da biodiversidade das áreas abertas dos cerrados e da importância da ampliação das pesquisas na Chapada dos Veadeiros, que tem potencial para o registro de novas espécies, inclusive end...
ABSTRACT. Gills of the seawater fi sh Cat/w raps spixii (Agassiz, 1829) were submitted to ro uti ne processing for observation in scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The wrinkled surface of the gill filaments showed well-defined cellular ultrastructures. Microridges on cellular surface were projected over all gill structures, including respiratory lamellae. Chloride cells were usually at primary lamellae. Some rod let cells were fo und. Mucous secretory cells were uncommon at all parts of the gill arches. The pharyngeal region of the gill arches showed a lot oftaste buds but no spines. There were smal l and strong rakers. Such morphology is indicati ve of fishes that swallow small food but do not have filtering habits. At the ultrastructural level the gills of TUARO et al. 1998; AZEVEDO et al. 1999), and it is found throughout the year on seashore of Parana State, southern Brazil.Morphological studies of fishes on the Brazilian seashore and continental waters, especially on gill ultrastructures, have begun just a few years ago (FERNAN-DES & PERNA 1995; MORON & FERNANDES 1996; EIRAS-STOFELLA & CHARVET-ALMEIDA 1997 MAZON et al. 1998; EIRAS-STOFELLA et al. 2001 ).The present research includes the morphologi cal description of the gills of C. spixii with the observation of ultrastructural detail s. The relations between the morphology of the gill s, the presence of certain cells, feeding habits, and some other characteristics of this species are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODSCathorops spixii fishes were coll ected in the Parana coast (Brazil), near the 25°32'S-48°28' W and 25°15 'S-48°20'W coordinates, with the use of trawl nets and lines.After anaesthetizing them (MS 222), the second gill arches (B all) of the collected fishes were extracted and fixed in a solution of buffered glutaraldehyde.
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