The development and validation of a computational foot and ankle model

Ledoux, William R.; Camacho, Daniel; Ching, Randal P.; Sangeorzan, Bruce J.

doi:10.1109/iembs.2000.901481

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…By only including males, we controlled for potential sex-related differences in ligament morphometry. Further, this data set also bracketed the age (67 yr) of the adult male subject we used to develop our 3-D FE model of the lower limb [5][6][7]. In contrast, the Siegler et al study measured ligament samples from 12 females and 8 males [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical to the development of our and other groups' foot models is the assignment of accurate material properties for the multitude of soft-tissue constituents [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The lack of published foot and ankle ligament data, coupled with the numerous tests that would be required to obtain a statistical sampling of ligament properties for the 51 ligaments in our model (with more to be added), motivated this current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported on a 3-D FE model of the adult foot and ankle that is being developed to investigate the disease processes associated with foot deformity [5][6][7]. Our and other groups' modeling efforts will provide insight on otherwise unquantifiable variables (e.g., bony motion due to muscle imbalances) and enable parametric analyses for examination and optimization of treatment strategies for clinicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrapolations were based on area-to-length ratios (when available) or inverse length ratios of the ligaments. The methods for attaining ligament mechanical properties in our model and others were imprecise and did not account for features specific to the ligament morphometry of the foot (e.g., concave shapes, nonellipsoid shapes) [1][2][3][5][6][7]. Given the dearth of known material properties for foot and ankle ligaments, our goal was to collect ligament morphometry data from the foot and ankle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot and ankle ligament morphometry

Mkandawire

Ledoux

Sangeorzan

et al. 2005

JRRD

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Abstract-This study primarily measured and established a morphometric spectrum of cross-sectional areas for foot and ankle ligaments with the use of a new freeze-fracture technique that was independent of ligament cross-sectional shape. Ligament morphometry measurements were made on a total of 121 bone-ligament-bone preparations that were harvested from 26 fresh (unembalmed) male cadaver feet. We used the traditional digital caliper method to measure length and the freeze-fracture technique to measure cross-sectional area. Cross-sectional area values ranged from 21.36 to 170.48 mm 2 and length values from 5.01 to 37.45 mm. In addition, area-to-length ratios ranged from 0.60 to 27.02 mm. Compared with the freeze-fracture technique, the digital caliper method, which assumed that ligament crosssectional shape was rectangular, resulted in an approximately 35% difference in cross-sectional area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot and ankle ligament morphometry

Mkandawire

Ledoux

Sangeorzan

et al. 2005

JRRD

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“…Many did not include morphological data relying instead on simplified mechanical joint analogues such as one or two fixed revolute joints or four-bar linkages (Leardini et al, 1999;Scott and Winter, 1993). Other models, based on finite element techniques, incorporated morphology and tissue material properties (Bandak et al, 2001;Camacho et al, 2002;Cheung et al, 2005;Ledoux et al, 2000). However, these models were limited to loading conditions that produced small displacements (e.g., axial loading, Ledoux et al, 2000), thus they only explored a small portion of the 3D envelope of motion of the AJC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Subject-specific models of the hindfoot reveal a relationship between morphology and passive mechanical properties

Imhauser

Siegler

Udupa

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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The morphology of the bones, articular surfaces and ligaments and the passive mechanical characteristics of the ankle complex were reported to vary greatly among individuals. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the variations observed in the passive mechanical properties of the healthy ankle complex are strongly influenced by morphological variations. To evaluate this hypothesis six numerical models of the ankle joint complex were developed from morphological data obtained from MRI of six cadaveric lower limbs, and from average reported data on the mechanical properties of ligaments and articular cartilage. The passive mechanical behavior of each model, under a variety of loading conditions, was found to closely match the experimental data obtained from each corresponding specimen. Since all models used identical material properties and were subjected to identical loads and boundary conditions, it was concluded that the observed variations in passive mechanical characteristics were due to variations in morphology, thus confirming the hypothesis. In addition, the average and large variations in passive mechanical behavior observed between the models were similar to those observed experimentally between cadaveric specimens. The results suggest that individualized subject-specific treatment procedures for ankle complex disorders are potentially superior to a one-size-fits-all approach.

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Joint-specific distance thresholds for patient-specific approximations of articular cartilage modeling in the first ray of the foot

Marchelli

Ledoux

Isvilanonda

et al. 2014

Med Biol Eng Comput

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The addition of cartilage elements in a finite element model prevents bone-on-bone articulation during simulation, thus providing more accurate information about joint kinematics. We present a semi-automated method for identifying joint articulation surfaces and creating volumetric articular cartilage elements based on patient-specific bone information. The approach identifies contact surfaces based on a joint-specific, user-specified distance threshold criterion applied to a polygonized set of bones. Volumetric cartilage elements are generated using half of the minimum inter-joint distance. We present the method and then apply it to the first ray of the human foot, which includes the medial cuneiform, first metatarsal, and first proximal and distal phalanges. Distance thresholds for the first ray ranged from 3.0 to 4.25 mm depending on the joint and the desired contact surface coverage. Inter-joint distances were found and applied to the contact surfaces to generate uniformly thick cartilage models. Average inter-joint distances of 0.46, 0.72 and 0.51 mm were found for the first interphalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and cuneometatarsal joints, respectively. The values cited are one half of the minimum inter-joint difference, as identified by the proximity algorithm. This is taken to represent the (uniform) cartilage thickness at each joint.

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The development and validation of a computational foot and ankle model

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Foot and ankle ligament morphometry

Foot and ankle ligament morphometry

Subject-specific models of the hindfoot reveal a relationship between morphology and passive mechanical properties

Joint-specific distance thresholds for patient-specific approximations of articular cartilage modeling in the first ray of the foot

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