Abstract-This study primarily measured and established a morphometric spectrum of cross-sectional areas for foot and ankle ligaments with the use of a new freeze-fracture technique that was independent of ligament cross-sectional shape. Ligament morphometry measurements were made on a total of 121 bone-ligament-bone preparations that were harvested from 26 fresh (unembalmed) male cadaver feet. We used the traditional digital caliper method to measure length and the freeze-fracture technique to measure cross-sectional area. Cross-sectional area values ranged from 21.36 to 170.48 mm 2 and length values from 5.01 to 37.45 mm. In addition, area-to-length ratios ranged from 0.60 to 27.02 mm. Compared with the freeze-fracture technique, the digital caliper method, which assumed that ligament crosssectional shape was rectangular, resulted in an approximately 35% difference in cross-sectional area.
Balance retention and postural stability of forklift operators have not been well investigated in the literature. Our testing shows that forklift operators can maintain postural stability during routine braking procedures while using standup lift trucks, and that peak acceleration levels generated by lift trucks are below the peak acceleration levels mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act for moving platforms. Our review of studies involving balance retention has shown that acceleration levels experienced by subjects who maintained postural stability were greater than the peak accelerations during forklift braking operation. In addition, acceleration levels alone are a poor predictor of a subject’s ability to maintain postural stability.
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