The development and piloting of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool—Parent version (ICAST-P)

Runyan, Desmond K.; Dunne, Michael P.; Zolotor, Adam J.; Madrid, Bernadette; Jain, Dipty; Gerbaka, Bernard; Menick, Daniel Mbassa; Andreva-Miller, Inna; Kasim, Mohammed Sham; Choo, Wan Yuen; Isaeva, Oksana; Macfarlane, Bonnie; Ramirez, Clemencia; Volkova, Elena; Youssef, Randa M.

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.006

Cited by 118 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, physical contact or penetration are applied before defining reported experiences as sexual abusive by some authors and not others [41-44]. Instruments designed to diagnose abusive caregivers such as the Child Abuse Potential Inventory [45], the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (IPSCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool-Parent [46] measure these potential abusive behaviors of caregiver. Consequently, what they measure is not well known and defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is early detection of abused children possible?: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of the identification of abused children

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEarly detection of abused children could help decrease mortality and morbidity related to this major public health problem. Several authors have proposed tools to screen for child maltreatment. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence on accuracy of tools proposed to identify abused children before their death and assess if any were adapted to screening.MethodsWe searched in PUBMED, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, FRANCIS and PASCAL for studies estimating diagnostic accuracy of tools identifying neglect, or physical, psychological or sexual abuse of children, published in English or French from 1961 to April 2012. We extracted selected information about study design, patient populations, assessment methods, and the accuracy parameters. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS criteria.ResultsA total of 2 280 articles were identified. Thirteen studies were selected, of which seven dealt with physical abuse, four with sexual abuse, one with emotional abuse, and one with any abuse and physical neglect. Study quality was low, even when not considering the lack of gold standard for detection of abused children. In 11 studies, instruments identified abused children only when they had clinical symptoms. Sensitivity of tests varied between 0.26 (95% confidence interval [0.17-0.36]) and 0.97 [0.84-1], and specificity between 0.51 [0.39-0.63] and 1 [0.95-1]. The sensitivity was greater than 90% only for three tests: the absence of scalp swelling to identify children victims of inflicted head injury; a decision tool to identify physically-abused children among those hospitalized in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; and a parental interview integrating twelve child symptoms to identify sexually-abused children. When the sensitivity was high, the specificity was always smaller than 90%.ConclusionsIn 2012, there is low-quality evidence on the accuracy of instruments for identifying abused children. Identified tools were not adapted to screening because of low sensitivity and late identification of abused children when they have already serious consequences of maltreatment. Development of valid screening instruments is a pre-requisite before considering screening programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is early detection of abused children possible?: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of the identification of abused children

et al. 2013

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“…Abuse of adolescents within the home (physical abuse/violent discipline, emotional abuse and neglect) were measured using the child and parent version of the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-Child, 18 items; and ICAST-Parent, 22 items) [18, 19]. This measure was selected based on its availability free of charge, the range of items covered and its successful use in two previous intervention studies in sub-Saharan Africa [20, 21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing child abuse amongst adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A pre-post trial in South Africa

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNo known studies have tested the effectiveness of child abuse prevention programmes for adolescents in low- or middle-income countries. ‘Parenting for Lifelong Health’ (http://tiny.cc/whoPLH) is a collaborative project to develop and rigorously test abuse-prevention parenting programmes for free use in low-resource contexts. Research aims of this first pre-post trial in South Africa were: i) to identify indicative effects of the programme on child abuse and related outcomes; ii) to investigate programme safety for testing in a future randomised trial, and iii) to identify potential adaptations.MethodsTwo hundred thirty participants (adolescents and their primary caregivers) were recruited from schools, welfare services and community-sampling in rural, high-poverty South Africa (no exclusion criteria). All participated in a 12-week parenting programme, implemented by local NGO childcare workers to ensure real-world external validity. Standardised pre-post measures with adolescents and caregivers were used, and paired t-tests were conducted for primary outcomes: abuse (physical, emotional abuse and neglect), adolescent behaviour problems and parenting (positive and involved parenting, poor monitoring and inconsistent discipline), and secondary outcomes: mental health, social support and substance use.ResultsParticipants reported high levels of socio-economic deprivation, e.g. 60 % of adolescents had either an HIV-positive caregiver or were orphaned by AIDS, and 50 % of caregivers experienced intimate partner violence. i) indicative effects: Primary outcomes comparing pre-test and post-test assessments showed reductions reported by adolescents and caregivers in child abuse (adolescent report 63.0 % pre-test to 29.5 % post-test, caregiver report 75.5 % pre-test to 36.5 % post-test, both p < 0.001) poor monitoring/inconsistent discipline (p < .001), adolescent delinquency/aggressive behaviour (both p < .001), and improvements in positive/involved parenting (p < .01 adolescent report, p < .001 caregiver report). Secondary outcomes showed improved social support (p < .001 adolescent and caregiver reports), reduced parental and adolescent depression (both p < .001), parenting stress (p < .001 caregiver report) and caregiver substance use (p < .002 caregiver report). There were no changes in adolescent substance use. No negative effects were detected. ii) Programme acceptability and attendance was high. There was unanticipated programme diffusion within some study villages, with families initiating parenting groups in churches, and diffusion through school assemblies and religious sermons. iii) potential adaptations identified included the need to strengthen components on adolescent substance use and to consider how to support spontaneous programme diffusion with fidelity.ConclusionsThe programme showed no signs of harm and initial evidence of reductions in child abuse and improved caregiver and adolescent outcomes. It showed high acceptability and unexpected community-level diffusion. Findings indicate needs fo...

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“…However, in one international study involving six countries, large differences in the prevalence of diverse forms of child maltreatment were identified. The reported rates of shaking children, for example, ranged from 15 to 55 %, with a median value of 30 % [2]. An epidemiological study in Switzerland that solely investigated childhood sexual abuse found that 40.2 % of girls and 17.2 % of boys had experienced at least one form of sexual abuse during their childhood [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quality of life in maltreated children and adult survivors of child maltreatment: a systematic review

2015

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The development and piloting of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool—Parent version (ICAST-P)

Cited by 118 publications

References 10 publications

Is early detection of abused children possible?: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of the identification of abused children

Is early detection of abused children possible?: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of the identification of abused children

Reducing child abuse amongst adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A pre-post trial in South Africa

Quality of life in maltreated children and adult survivors of child maltreatment: a systematic review

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