The Development and Characterization of Near-Isogenic and Pyramided Lines Carrying Resistance Genes to Brown Planthopper with the Genetic Background of Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The brown planthopper (BPH: Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) is a major pest of rice, Oryza sativa, in Asia. Host plant resistance has tremendous potential to reduce the damage caused to rice by the planthopper. However, the effectiveness of resistance genes varies spatially and temporally according to BPH virulence. Understanding patterns in BPH virulence against resistance genes is necessary to efficiently and sustainably deploy resistant rice varieties. To survey BPH virulence patterns, seven near-isogenic lines (NILs), each with a single BPH resistance gene (BPH2-NIL, BPH3-NIL, BPH17-NIL, BPH20-NIL, BPH21-NIL, BPH32-NIL and BPH17-ptb-NIL) and fifteen pyramided lines (PYLs) carrying multiple resistance genes were developed with the genetic background of the japonica rice variety, Taichung 65 (T65), and assessed for resistance levels against two BPH populations (Hadano-66 and Koshi-2013 collected in Japan in 1966 and 2013, respectively). Many of the NILs and PYLs were resistant against the Hadano-66 population but were less effective against the Koshi-2013 population. Among PYLs, BPH20+BPH32-PYL and BPH2+BPH3+BPH17-PYL granted relatively high BPH resistance against Koshi-2013. The NILs and PYLs developed in this research will be useful to monitor BPH virulence prior to deploying resistant rice varieties and improve rice’s resistance to BPH in the context of regionally increasing levels of virulence.

The Impact of Climate Change on the Resistance of Rice Near-Isogenic Lines with Resistance Genes Against Brown Planthopper

“…In our study, NIL-BPH17 showed strong resistance (ambient: 2.4; 2050: 2.3; and 2100: 1.3) in the SSST experiment. These results were consistent with another NIL-BPH17 study under the ambient temperature condition (Nguyen et al 2019). In addition, the NIL-BPH17 gene exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on several N. lugens parameters, such as in the honeydew assay, PGR, survival rate, fecundity, and choice tests, where our results were consistent with those of (Liu et al 2015).…”

“…In addition, BPH20 did not inhibit several N. lugens parameters, such as the PGR, survival rate, fecundity, and hatchability. Moreover, it has been reported that NIL-BPH20 and the susceptible donor, Taichung 65, showed similar N. lugens adult mortality with two N. lugens colonies (Nguyen et al 2019). Thus, these results indicate that NIL-BPH20 may contain N. lugens tolerance and weak antixenosis and antibiotic effects.…”

Elevated temperatures diminish the effects of a highly resistant rice variety on the brown planthopper

“…Detailed studies on the production and actions of defense metabolites across gradients of tolerable temperatures are recommended to further elucidate the mechanisms leading to a lower efficiency of antibiosis defenses against adult planthoppers in rice at elevated temperatures. Currently, a range of near-isogenic rice lines with planthopper resistant genes are available to support further research in this area 17,32 . IR62 has been widely planted in Cambodia and in Mindanao (Philippines); although current rates of adoption are not known 19 .…”

“…Meanwhile, volatiles from Rathu Heenati and PTB33 increase planthopper adult and nymph mortality and decrease adult settling and feeding 30 . Because of the spectrum and durability of varieties with the BPH32 gene, PTB33, Rathu Heenati and related lines have become popular resistance donors in rice breeding programs that target planthopper hotspots 20 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 32 .…”

Comparative iTRAQ proteomic profiling of proteins associated with the adaptation of brown planthopper to moderately resistant vs. susceptible rice varieties

“…We used a susceptible rice variety (TN1) as a control and a moderately resistant rice variety (YHY15) carrying the resistance gene BPH15 [12]. It has been found that resistance genes impair BPH feeding behavior on varieties and cause BPH physiological changes by increasing mortality rates, extending developmental periods, and reducing reproductive output [10,13,14]. BPHs that are allowed to feed on resistant rice for a long time may slowly evolve into new virulent BPH populations to overcome rice resistance [15].…”