The Development and Affinities of the Pauropoda, based on a Study of <i>Pauropus silvaticus</i>

Tiegs, OW

doi:10.1242/jcs.s3-88.2.165

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The gnathochilarium, therefore, accord ing to Silvestri, is a product of the union of the first maxillae, to gether with a sternal plate of their segment, and the diplopod head does not contain a second maxillary segment. We shall later see that, according to Tiegs (1947 ), the same is true of the pauropod head.…”

Section: The Diplopodamentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Midway on each of these apodemes are attached two small muscles arising on the dorsal wall of the cranium, so that in this case the apodemes would appear to act as levers for lifting the hypopharynx. The presence of fultural sclerites of the hypopharynx bearing the head apodemes in Chilopoda, Dip lopoda, and Pauropoda (see Tiegs, 1947 ) is a strong point in evi dence of a relationship between these three myriapodous groups.…”

Section: The Diplopodamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…70 B) is quite different from the collum of a diplopod; instead of being a large tergal plate, it forms but an inconspicuous fold dorsally behind the head and is much expanded below. It bears ventrally a pair of small papillae (H, g), which have commonly been regarded as vestigial legs, but according to Tiegs (1947 ) they neither develop in the manner of limbs nor have the structure of legs, and appear rather to be comparable to the exsertile vesicles of Symphyla and apterygote insects.…”

Section: Explanation Of Lettering On Figures 63-68mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sublying tissue, however, has nothing of the structure character istic of light receptors, and the organs are now given the meaning less name of "pseudoculi," their function being unknown. It is shown by Tiegs (1947 ) that the convex, cornealike cuticle of a pseudoculus is separated by an intervening space from a flat layer of large epi dermal cells beneath it, which are innervated from the protocephalon. Tiegs suggests that the organs might be responsive to vibrations, but that, since the subcuticular space is apparently filled with liquid, the organs must be supposed to respond, by contact, to vibrations of solid objects rather than to air vibrations.…”

Section: Explanation Of Lettering On Figures 63-68mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insofar as the pauropod mandibles are solid, single-piece appendages they resem ble in particular the mandibles of a geophilid chilopod. In Pauropus, according to Tiegs (1947), the tapering basal part of each mandible is connected by a ligament (E, d) to the head apodeme (hAp ) of the same side and by a lateral ligament (not shown in the figure ) to the cranial wall just behind the pseudoculus. This lateral liga ment is suggestive of the slender rod connecting the end of the chilopod mandible with the cranial margin (fig.…”

Section: Explanation Of Lettering On Figures 63-68mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy

1953

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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THE arthropods are a group of related invertebrates; arthropodists, for the most part, are a group of unrelated vertebrates. Each special ist, whether an entomologist, a myriapodist, a carcinologist, or an arachnologist, works in his own particular field and gives little thought to the work of specialists in other fields. As a result, the relationships of the various kinds of arthropods to one another are by some ignored, while others propose theories of arthropod phy logeny based on an insufficient knowledge of the anatomy of the arthropods in general. Since the insects are conceded to be at the top of the arthropod line of evolution, entomologists in particular have been concerned with the ancestry of insects. Some have sought to derive the insects from myriapods, others from symphylans, oth ers from crustaceans, while some would carry the insects back to the trilobites, or even in a direct line of descent to the annelid worms. Clearly, all these claims of insect ancestry cannot be true. The writer, therefore, himself for many years an entomologist, has attempted to evaluate the various theories of insect origin by brows ing around in the fields of other specialists. The final result has been the disconcerting conclusion that the facts of arthropod structure are not consistent with any proposed theory of arthropod interrela tionships. The investigation, however, has added much to the writer's own information about the comparative anatomy of the arthropods, and this information is set forth in the following chapters in the hope of making a general knowledge of the arthropods more readily available to students who expect to be specialists in one arthropod group or another. Just as a cone sits best on its base, so specialization should taper upward from a broad foundation.

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Section: The Diplopodamentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: The Diplopodamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explanation Of Lettering On Figures 63-68mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explanation Of Lettering On Figures 63-68mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explanation Of Lettering On Figures 63-68mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy

1953

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede Polydesmus sp. GZCS‐2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda

Zuo

Zhang

Shen

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The subphylum Myriapoda included four extant classes (Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, and Pauropoda). Due to the limitation of taxon sampling, the phylogenetic relationships within Myriapoda remained contentious, especially for Diplopoda. Herein, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Polydesmus sp. GZCS‐2019 (Myriapoda: Polydesmida) and the mitochondrial genomes are circular molecules of 15,036 bp, with all genes encoded on + strand. The A+T content is 66.1%, making the chain asymmetric, and exhibits negative AT‐skew (−0.236). Several genes rearrangements were detected and we propose a new rearrangement model: “TD (N\R) L + C” based on the genome‐scale duplication + (non‐random/random) loss + recombination. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that Chilopoda and Symphyla both were monophyletic group, whereas Pauropoda was embedded in Diplopoda to form the Dignatha. Divergence time showed the first split of Myriapoda occurred between the Chilopoda and other classes (Wenlock period of Silurian). We combine phylogenetic analysis, divergence time, and gene arrangement to yield valuable insights into the evolutionary history and classification relationship of Myriapoda and these results support a monophyletic Progoneata and the relationship (Chilopoda + (Symphyla + (Diplopoda + Pauropoda))) within myriapod. Our results help to better explain the gene rearrangement events of the invertebrate mitogenome and lay the foundation for further phylogenetic study of Myriapoda.

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Die bildung und differenzierung des postnauplialen Keimstreifs von Diastylis rathkei (Crustacea, Cumacea)

Döhle

1970

Z. Morph. Tiere

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The Development and Affinities of the Pauropoda, based on a Study of Pauropus silvaticus

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy

A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy

Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede Polydesmus sp. GZCS‐2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda

Die bildung und differenzierung des postnauplialen Keimstreifs von Diastylis rathkei (Crustacea, Cumacea)

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