Die bildung und differenzierung des postnauplialen Keimstreifs von Diastylis rathkei (Crustacea, Cumacea)

Döhle, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/bf00277503

Cited by 49 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…During neurogenesis, the NBs remain at the embryo's surface intermingled with ectoderm cells. Previous studies using histological nuclear staining identified approximately 12 individual NBs within this pattern (Dohle 1976;Scholtz 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…NBs arise continuously in the two initial cell columns adjacent to the midline whereas the more lateral cells form limbs and tergites (figure 2a,b;Dohle 1976;Dohle & Scholtz 1988;Scholtz 1990Scholtz , 1992. During neurogenesis, the NBs remain at the embryo's surface intermingled with ectoderm cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, insects and crustaceans form their ventral CNS via neuroblasts (NBs), large neural precursor cells dividing in an asymmetrical stem cell mode to produce columns of ganglion mother cells (GMCs). At least in insects, each GMC in turn divides once to generate ganglion cells (GCs) that differentiate into neurons and/or glia cells (figure 1; insects: Wheeler 1891, Bate 1976, Doe & Goodman 1985, Hartenstein et al 1987, Truman & Ball 1998 crustaceans: McMurrich 1895, Dohle 1976, Scholtz 1992, Gerberding 1997, Harzsch 2001.In 1984, Thomas et al (1984) detected a set of early differentiating neurons, responsible for pioneering major axon pathways in the embryonic CNS of insects and crustaceans, which led them to propose a common plan for neurogenesis in arthropods. A series of subsequent studies at the level of individually identified neurons including position, axon morphology and timing of outgrowth confirmed the existence of a set of homologous pioneer neurons in insects and crustaceans that finds no counterpart in myriapods (Whitington et al…”

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confidence: 99%

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Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Ungerer

Scholtz

2007

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The complex spatio-temporal patterns of development and anatomy of nervous systems play a key role in our understanding of arthropod evolution. However, the degree of resolution of neural processes is not always detailed enough to claim homology between arthropod groups. One example is neural precursors and their progeny in crustaceans and insects. Pioneer neurons of crustaceans and insects show some similarities that indicate homology. In contrast, the differentiation of insect and crustacean neuroblasts (NBs) shows profound differences and their homology is controversial. For Drosophila and grasshoppers, the complete lineage of several NBs up to formation of pioneer neurons is known. Apart from data on median NBs no comparable results exist for Crustacea. Accordingly, it is not clear where the crustacean pioneer neurons come from and whether there are NBs lateral to the midline homologous to those of insects. To fill this gap, individual NBs in the ventral neuroectoderm of the crustacean Orchestia cavimana were labelled in vivo with a fluorescent dye. A partial neuroblast map was established and for the first time lineages from individual NBs to identified pioneer neurons were established in a crustacean. Our data strongly suggest homology of NBs and their lineages, providing further evidence for a close insect-crustacean relationship.Keywords: Drosophila; evolution; arthropods; neurogenesis; cell lineage INTRODUCTIONDespite the overall similarities of the central nervous system (CNS) between the major arthropod groups, its early development shows some distinct differences at the cellular level. In myriapods and chelicerates, clusters of neural precursors immigrate from the ventral neuroectoderm and differentiate directly into neurons or glia cells to form the ventral CNS (figure 1; Stollewerk et al. 2001;Mittmann 2002;Stollewerk & Chipman 2006). In contrast, insects and crustaceans form their ventral CNS via neuroblasts (NBs), large neural precursor cells dividing in an asymmetrical stem cell mode to produce columns of ganglion mother cells (GMCs). At least in insects, each GMC in turn divides once to generate ganglion cells (GCs) that differentiate into neurons and/or glia cells (figure 1; insects: Wheeler 1891, Bate 1976, Doe & Goodman 1985, Hartenstein et al. 1987, Truman & Ball 1998 crustaceans: McMurrich 1895, Dohle 1976, Scholtz 1992, Gerberding 1997, Harzsch 2001.In 1984, Thomas et al. (1984) detected a set of early differentiating neurons, responsible for pioneering major axon pathways in the embryonic CNS of insects and crustaceans, which led them to propose a common plan for neurogenesis in arthropods. A series of subsequent studies at the level of individually identified neurons including position, axon morphology and timing of outgrowth confirmed the existence of a set of homologous pioneer neurons in insects and crustaceans that finds no counterpart in myriapods (Whitington et al.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Ungerer

Scholtz

2007

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Neurogenesis in malacostracan crustaceans typically is driven by neuroblasts which repeatedly undergo unequal divisions to produce ganglion mother cells, which later divide again to give birth to ganglion cells (e.g. Dohle 1970Dohle , 1972Scholtz 1990Scholtz , 1992Harzsch and Dawirs 1994;Harzsch et al 1998;Gerberding and Scholtz 2001;Harzsch 2001;Sullivan and MacMillan 2001;Ungerer and Scholtz 2007;reviews Harzsch 2003a, b;Dohle et al 2004;Whitington 2004). This mode of neurogenesis in principal shares many similarities with that in insects (reviews, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engrailed-like immunoreactivity in the embryonic ventral nerve cord of the Marbled Crayfish (Marmorkrebs)

2008

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The homeobox transcription factor Engrailed is involved in controlling segmentation during arthropod germ band formation but also in establishing individual neuronal identities during later embryogenesis. In Crustacea, most studies analysing the expression of Engrailed so far have focussed on its function as segment polarity gene. In continuation to these previous studies, we analysed the neuronal expression of the Engrailed protein by immunohistochemistry in the embryonic nerve cord of a parthenogenetic crustacean, the Marbled Crayfish (Marmorkrebs). We paid particular attention to the individual identification of Engrailed expressing putative neuroblasts in the crayfish embryos. Engrailed positive cells in the neuroectoderm were counted, measured and mapped from 38 to 65% of embryonic development. That way, several Engrailed positive putative neuroblasts and putative neurons were identified. Our findings are compared with earlier studies on Engrailed expression during germ band formation in Crustacea. Recent data on neurogenesis in an amphipod crustacean have provided compelling evidence for the homology of several identified neuroblasts between this amphipod and insects. The present report may serve as a basis to explore the question if during crustacean neurogenesis additional communalities with insects exist.

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Evolution of early development of the nervous system: a comparison between arthropods

Stollewerk

Simpson

2005

BioEssays

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Large numbers of cells with unique neuronal specificity are generated during development of the central nervous system of animals. Here we discuss the events that generate cell diversity during early development of the ventral nerve cord of different arthropod groups. Neural precursors are generated in a spatial array in the epithelium of each hemisegment over a period of time. Spatial cues within the epithelium are thought to evolve as embryogenesis proceeds. This spatiotemporal information might generate diversity among the neural precursors in all arthropod groups, although the mechanisms regulating the positioning of individual precursors have diverged. However, distinct strategies for the generation of neuronal diversity have evolved in the different arthropod lineages that appear to correlate with specific modes of ontogenesis. We hypothesize that an evolutionary trend towards reduced cell numbers and possibly rapid embryogenesis in insects has culminated in the appearance of stereotyped neuroblast lineages.

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Die bildung und differenzierung des postnauplialen Keimstreifs von Diastylis rathkei (Crustacea, Cumacea)

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Engrailed-like immunoreactivity in the embryonic ventral nerve cord of the Marbled Crayfish (Marmorkrebs)

Evolution of early development of the nervous system: a comparison between arthropods

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