The Developing Intestinal Ecosystem: Implications for the Neonate

Caicedo, Ricardo A.; Schanler, Richard J.; Li, Nan; Neu, Josef

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000180533.09295.84

Cited by 129 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Bacteria begin to appear in feces within a few hours of life. With vaginal delivery, facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus dominate in the first few days of life, taking advantage of the abundance of oxygen (55). As oxygen begins to be deprived, the facultative bacteria are replaced by anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium, typically by 1-2 wk of age (56).…”

Section: Colonization In the Peripartum Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microbes in Developmental Immunologic Programming

2011

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ABSTRACT:The role of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract has undergone significant modification in the past few decades with new observations from clinical, epidemiologic, and basic science research. We now know that the perception of these gut microbes as pathogens or even as commensals is somewhat outdated. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiome plays an important role in a host of activities including digestion, protection from potentially pathogenic organisms, and the regulation and development of the host immune system. The complex interactions between microbes and host combined with recent clinical observations and epidemiologic trends may point to the convergence of two well-supported (though imperfect) hypotheses: the "hygiene hypothesis" and the "fetal programming hypothesis." We are beginning to understand that exposure to microbes before conception, during gestation, and in the neonatal period have profound effects on the developing immune system. Recent observations from a variety of fields help support the expansion of the "fetal programming hypothesis" to a host-microbe corollary that microbe-host interactions at critical windows influence the future immune phenotype, the maintenance of immune health, and the development of immune-mediated disease. (Pediatr Res 69: 465-472, 2011)

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Section: Colonization In the Peripartum Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microbes in Developmental Immunologic Programming

2011

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“…[33][34][35] Small amounts of these cell wall constituents have the potential to promote maturation of the fetal immune system during pregnancy. Since much of the developing neonatal immune system is provoked by GI microflora following birth, 36 might placenta bacteria play a role in immune development before birth?…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of second-trimester placenta parenchyma

Onderdonk¹,

Hecht²,

McElrath³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

126

103

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Objective-The overtly healthy, non-pregnant uterus harbors bacteria, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. The extent of colonization remains elusive, as are relationships between isolated microorganisms, preterm labor and fetal inflammation.Study Design-Biopsies of chorion parenchyma from 1083 placentas delivered before the beginning of the 28 th week of gestation were cultured, and the placenta was examined histologically. The frequencies of individual microorganisms and groups of microorganisms were evaluated in strata of processes leading to preterm delivery, routes of delivery, gestational age, and placenta morphology Results-Placentas delivered by cesarean section with preeclampsia had the lowest bacterial recovery rate (25%). Preterm labor had the highest rates, which decreased with increasing gestational age from 79% at 23 weeks to 43% at 27 weeks. The presence of microorganisms in placenta Conclusions-The high rate of colonization appears to coincide with phenomena associated with preterm delivery and gestational age. The presence of microorganisms within placenta parenchyma is biologically important.

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“…The development of fecal microbiota in neonates is crucial because those bacteria first colonize the sterile intestine of the neonates and thus have a large effect on the host (2). Initial colonization is also relevant to the final composition of the permanent microbiota in adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Maternal Bifidobacteria on the Establishment of Bifidobacteria Colonizing the Gut in Infants

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of maternal intestinal and vaginal bifidobacteria on the establishment of bifidobacteria colonizing the gut in infants. Fecal samples from 110 healthy pregnant mothers within 1 mo before delivery and their babies at 1 mo of age and 100 vaginal swabs from the mother within 7 d before delivery were collected at a maternity hospital in Fukuoka city, Japan. The fecal and vaginal samples were assayed by PCR to detect Bifidobacterium species and by real-time PCR assays to estimate the bifidobacterial number. The detection of Bifidobacterium breve in the mothers' feces was significantly associated with increases in both the bifidobacterial counts and number of Bifidobacterium species in the babies' feces. In addition, a cesarean section was significantly associated with both a decrease in the counts and diversity of bifidobacteria in the babies' feces. The number of Bifidobacterium species detected in the vaginal swabs of mothers were not associated with either the bifidobacterial counts or the diversity of bifidobacteria in the babies' feces. The most important determinants of intestinal bifidobacteria in infants were the colonization of B. breve in the mothers' gut and vaginal delivery.

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The Developing Intestinal Ecosystem: Implications for the Neonate

Cited by 129 publications

References 46 publications

The Role of Microbes in Developmental Immunologic Programming

The Role of Microbes in Developmental Immunologic Programming

Colonization of second-trimester placenta parenchyma

Influence of Maternal Bifidobacteria on the Establishment of Bifidobacteria Colonizing the Gut in Infants

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